Symptoms And Symptoms Of Premenstrual Syndrome

There are several mood disorders that falls under the umbrella of PPD which makes it vital to decipher between them.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects about half of women who are of reproductive age, and the global prevalence for PMS is roughly 47.8% with percentages of women affected varying by country1. Symptoms of PMS are cyclic, occur during the luteal phase, and diminish with the onset of the menses2. There are more than 200 symptoms that have been associated with PMS, but the most common symptoms can be categorized into 3 groups: behavioral, psychological, and physical symptoms. Behavioral symptoms include fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, change in sexual interest, food cravings, and/or overeating2. Psychological symptoms include irritability, anger, depressed mood, crying, anxiety, tension, mood swings, difficulty concentrating,

Multiple Personality Disorders (MPD), or what has been re-classified, Dissociative Idenitfy Disorder (DID), is a deliberating and frightening illness for the DID individual; as well as their friends and family. The meaning of DID (Dissoiative Idenity Disorder) usually means that a person has more than two self-states or identities, which often times appear like entirely different personalities. When one is under the control of one identity, the person usually is unable to remember some of the events, but is able to keep other personalities in control.

MPD is a severed form of dissociation from reality in which it reflects a person’s extreme lack of connectivity to the world he is in

The presence of risk factors does not guarantee that a woman will experience PPD, but it may indicate that the health care provider should pay a little more attention to possible signs and symptoms of depression. Known risk factors include depression or other mental illness prior to, and during, pregnancy, a family history of depression or other mental health disorders, a history of substance abuse, the age of the mother, financial concerns, lack of a support system, and being a single parent (Camp, 2013). In the presence of risk factors it is important for the health care provider to educate the woman on ways to

Research shows that many women experience these symptoms during pregnancy. Mood disorders such as depression and anxiety that occur during pregnancy or within a year of delivery are now referred to as Perinatal Mood Disorders (PPMDs). Postpartum Depression is also caused

Psychological disorders are stated to be abnormalities of the mind, known as mental disorders (Klasco, 2011). Abnormalities of the mind cause persistent behaviors that affect an individual’s daily function and life (Klasco, 2011). The different types of psychological disorders include mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders (Klasco, 2011). The causes of these disorders are unknown, but factors that contribute to these disorders include childhood experiences, chemical imbalances in the brain, illnesses, heredity, stress, and prenatal exposures (Klasco, 2011). Psychological disorders can be serious and can be life-threatening

For most of my life I thought that PMS was normal. I thought that it was just part of life to be miserable for 1-2 weeks out of the

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder was most recently reviewed and confirmed by a work group consisting of ten men to a mere four women (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The disorder consists of both affective (irritability and anxiety) and physical changes (lethargy and hypersomnia) that a woman experiences during the week before most of her periods of menses (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.172). The DSM provides examples of social impairment that a woman suffering from PMDD might experience; they pertain to “marital discord” and problems with children (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.174). One international study of young women in Poland shows research findings suggesting that women living in large cities are at a higher risk of acquiring PMDD (Drosdzol,

¨MPD patients receive 3.6 diagnoses over 6.8 years before being properly diagnosed¨ (Saks, Behnke 8). One of the causes may be buried trauma that the patient endured (Kluft, Fine 32). For example, childhood abuse is the most well-known theory. There is also a 4 factory theory where the child is first exposed to overwhelming stimuli, then deals with it by using dissociation. The next factor is to then organize these personalities, and finally when there is not enough restorative experiences the patient is officially suffering from multiple personalities (Saks, Behnke 14). DID also results from extreme and repeated trauma and strife during important periods of development during childhood. Unfortunately, this includes sexual abuse and seeing how DID is more common in women, this is perhaps because of the higher rate of sexual abuse in females. This disorder may also be from the trauma from a natural disaster or war (“Cleveland Clinic” 5-6). In order to properly diagnose a patient, the doctor must be able to rule out any physical illnesses that are pre-existing by doing x-rays and blood tests, thus canceling something like a brain disease for example (“Cleveland Clinic” 10-11). The doctor may also use diagnostic tests to see if there are any drug and alcohol intoxications or even any medication side effect that causes DID in the patient (“Cleveland Clinic”

Diagnosis and treatment choices will depend on the outcome of an evaluation. To diagnose PMDD and rule out any other problems there should be a complete physical and mental examination that entails a complete history of current and previous symptoms, which can also raise questions about illnesses of other family members and about mood, memory and changes in relationships (7). The treatment for PMDD is similar to that for major depression, which consists of antidepressants and psychotherapy. A woman suffering from PMDD has to take antidepressants not just during the time her symptoms occur, but on a regular basis. Psychotherapy helps a woman cope with the harsh symptoms and other challenges in her life (6). In severe cases hormones that induce premature menopause may be administered since symptoms for PMDD sufferers disappear with menopause (4).

Postpartum depression (PPD) exists as a part of the spectrum of major depression, coded with a modifier for postpartum onset which is defined as an episode of depression, mania, or

Women have about five days during each cycle when they are fertile, the days before and up to ovulation. There are some common physical symptoms of ovulation that you may observe.

The endocrine system is triggered by the fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone during premenstrual times. Estrogen already has effects on serotonin and endorphins, causing them to fluctuate, thus what is understood as mood swings during premenstrual time [3]. Instead of causing fluctuations, a steady amount of serotonin and endorphins would be released causing a very smooth mindset throughout premenstrual and menstrual times. Another hormone that would be released for a more elevated mood would be dopamine.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), are symptoms that comes with severe pains, one to two weeks before one’s period starts. In addition, most women have at least some symptoms of PMS, and the symptoms go away after their period’s starts. For some women, the symptoms seem to be very severe enough to affect their lives, and this is referred as PMS is called “premenstrual dysphoric disorder” or PMDD. Therefore, I will focus on the meaning of menstruation, cycle, symptoms, methods, treatments and also to address these questions from the text; (1) Did individuals who completed the menstrual joy part first report less menstrual distress than those who completed the menstrual distress part? If so, why? (2) Why do you think some women have more positive feelings than others before and during their menstrual periods? (3) Why have the negative aspects of menstruation been emphasized much more than the positive periods? (4) What might be done to focus more on the positive side of menstruation? (“Etaugh & Bridges, 2013, Pg.147”).