Symptoms Of Multiple Sclerosis Through The Downregulation Of Pro Inflammatory Cytokines And Endorsing Myelin Protection

Multiple sclerosis, also known as MS, is one of humankind’s most mysterious diseases. No one knows the exact cause and there is no exact treatment. Still multiple sclerosis has the ability to affect nearly 3 million people worldwide and at least 500,000 people in the United States (Boroch). This disease tends to be more common in individuals of northern European descent and women are more than twice as likely to develop multiple sclerosis as men. Of those 3 million people, most of them are between the ages of 20 and 50 years old (Dangond). Even though multiple sclerosis is a mystery disease, scientists are working to determine the exact cause and treatment.

There are many debilitating side effects and symptoms that accompany Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In MS, the immune system essentially fights itself and attacks its own body’s cells, causing progressive damage in the brain and spinal chord. Some key symptoms and side effects of the disease are vision problems, muscle weakness, and trouble walking or speaking. However, this is not it, There are many more side effects and symptoms that very between individuals. Some of the symptoms that haven't thoroughly been researched are the changes that occur in the brain of an MS patient, especially a pediatric MS patient. There are several existing hypothesis about Multiple Sclerosis’ debilitating effects in the brain, but no concrete research done on the

It is suggested by previous studies that the damage of the myelin sheath in MS involves the activation of inflammatory factors including the CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages and microglia cells (Luccinetti et al., 1996; Lassmannet al., 2012). However, whether the immune response triggers the onset of MS, or is a consequence of the disease process is currently not clear. Interestingly, several recent studies suggested that the prevalence rate of MS is significantly increased with latitude, which implies that not only the geographical (environmental) differences but racial and ethnic differences may play a role in the worldwide MS distribution (Rosati, 2001; Simpson et al., 2011).

Curcumin has been proven to help recover from neurodegenerative diseases, even aiding in their prevention, and inhibiting inflammatory molecules in the brain (Petraglia, et al., 2011, p.4). Foods high in curcumin include Indian curries, yellow rice flavored with turmeric, and mustard (Curinga 1). Caffeine, although showing mixed results in some studies, shows reductions in neurological deficits (Petraglia, et al., 2011, p.8). One of the best high caffeine options is green tea at a recommended three cups per day (Maroon, et al., 2011, p.6). As seen in some research on green tea, the result of its high consumption in Asian countries leads to the “Asian paradox,” or the significant prevention of neurological problems in Asia (ibid). Vitamin E in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, and cereals has been tested to show improved cognitive performance, improved spatial memory, and less neuropathology (Petraglia, et al., 2011, p.9). Vitamin E intake is improved in conjunction with Vitamin C (ibid). Foods high in Vitamin C include citrus fruits, tomato juice, and potatoes (“Office of Dietary Supplements – Vitamin C,” 2016, p.2). Finally, Omega 3 has been consistently shown to help in recovery from PCS and inflammation (Maroon, 2011, p.1). They are the most effective natural anti-inflammatory food and has been tested to be neurotherapeutic for PCS (Maroon et al., 2010,

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system targets the central nervous system (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2016). The central nervous system is mainly made up by the brain, nerves, spinal cord, and optic nerves (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2016). The main target in MS is myelin, the substance that protects the nerve fibers within the central nervous system (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2016).

In regards to treatment for Multiple Sclerosis, there are a number of medication that have been shown to slow down the rate of MS. Many therapeutic and technological options are available to help people manage and control some of their symptoms. Advances are made every year in treating and managing MS to stop disease progression and restore lost function.

Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that has the potential to cause significant disability in those affected through the body's immune system attacking and destroying the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons. Myelin is rich in lipids and proteins that form layers around the nerve fibers and acts as insulation and protection. This damage to the myelin in the CNS, and to the actual nerve fibers, has the potential to block the transmission of nerve signals between the brain and spinal cord and also other parts of the body. This disruption of the nerve signals produces the primary symptoms of MS which then possibly lead to secondary and tertiary symptoms stemming from these

Multiple Sclerosis is a degenerative disease that effects the Central Nervous System. Approximately 400,000 individuals are living with Multiple Sclerosis in the United States, and 2.5 million worldwide. There are an estimated 10,000 new cases annually, in the United States alone. Various factors including geography, gender, and race are significant risk factors in developing the disease. Diagnosis at early onset of symptoms is beneficial to the treatment of progression and there are numerous medications used to combat the frequency and duration of relapse symptoms caused by Multiple

Dr. Bever is a world-renowned neurologist who is avidly apart of studies with MS as well as treating MS patients. Dr. Bever and his research team were the first to create an MS treatment. They found that the addition of beta interferon into the central nervous system was shown to decrease autoimmune attacks on the axons and myelin, helping to decrease the symptoms of MS. Now beta interferon drugs such as Avonex are the most popular treatments for MS patients. Dr. Bever is also currently apart of a study with the VA Multiple Sclerosis Center of excellence working on new treatments for patients who are unaffected by current

One day seven years ago, Kimberly Macalaster-Klapprodt, woke up to find that the upper left part of her face was numb. “I thought, ‘This is weird’ and went on with my day. But when she developed dizziness and a crippling headache the next day, she stopped joking and went to an urgent care facility. That’s when the saga of Macalaster-Klapprodt’s multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis began. It was exhausting experience that many patients who are eventually diagnosed with MS can relate to. Although there's no cure for Multiple Sclerosis, the sooner a patient receives an MS diagnosis, the sooner he or she can be treated with medications that help manage the disease, especially in the initial stages of Multiple Sclerosis

There are a large number of new therapies to treat multiple sclerosis being trialled. Contact your neurologist for more information about new treatment options and whether you might be eligible to participate in these trials.(www.ms.org.au)

Individuals suffering from MS face continually worsening symptoms leading to progressing disability and early mortality. There is currently no cure and current treatments have negative impacts on the life of the individual receiving the treatment. The story of the discovery and understanding of the disease spans to almost two centuries of medical research and still there is much to understand. Autoimmune disorders are becoming more common in our society and it is crucial to understand the cause of these diseases and to develop better treatments. In the two centuries of research, the life expectancy of an individual with MS has increased dramatically. Upon diagnosis in the late 1800's and early 1900's individuals had an average life span of 10 years but today, due to advances in medical technologies, individuals with MS may live 30 years or more. More research is required to understand how to better treat this disease or prevent the initial autoimmune response from

Multiple sclerosis (also known as MS) is an autoimmune disease which affects the spinal cord and brain (central nervous system). It is considered to be one of the most mysterious diseases because there are no exact recognition on its causes; there is no cure as well. Rather, treatment is used to prevent its attacks. The common mechanism of multiple sclerosis is the failure of myelin to produce cells because of the destruction of the immune system. Myelin is part of a neuron which helps propagation of impulses (electrical messages) of the central nervous system. It is also an essential part of the central nervous system. The United States,

So what exactly is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which affects the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, as well as the optic nerves. The simplified meaning of the diseases name is Multiple scar tissues or lesions. A person with multiple sclerosis develops numerous lesions or scars on the brain and spinal cord due to the effects of an overworking immune system. When the immune system overworks, it attacks the “myelin— the fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers — as well as the nerve fibers themselves”(National MS Society). Myelin is essentially the coating that protects your nerves; when trying to understand what myelin is, one can compare the similarities of myelin to the coating that covers electrical wires. After the immune system attacks and damages the myelin,

The cause of Multiple Sclerosis is still unknown. A combination of factors may play a role in causing this disease such as the immune system, environment, infectious diseases and genetics (Stachowiak, 2014). MS is an “abnormal immune-mediated response that attacks the myelin coating around nerve fibers in the central nervous system, as well as the nerve fibers themselves” (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2014). Scientists are further investigating the immune-mediated process. Environmental factors, such as vitamin D, play a role in MS. For instance, MS occurs more frequently in those who live further away from the equator. “Infectious diseases, such as viruses, are recognized as causes of demyelination and inflammation, a