The site of the primary infection is in the alimentary tract, a short prodromal or pre-icteric phase, varying from two to seven days, usually precedes the onset of jaundice. The most prominent symptoms in this phase are fever, headache, muscular and abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and sometimes arthralgia. Hepatomegaly and leukopenia are often present during this period. In typical cases the urine becomes dark, and the stools pale before appearance of yellow discoloration of the mucous membranes and appearance of jaundice about ten days after onset of the general symptoms. Fever and most of the general symptoms usually subside within a few days of jaundice, but in severe cases both general and abdominal symptoms may become further aggravated at this phase. Jaundice is often accompanied by itching and sometimes by urticarial or papular rashes. Liver is usually enlarged and liver function tests are abnormal with highly elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransaminase (AST).
Prevention methods include frequent hand washing before eating and preparing meals. International travelers to developing countries should use bottled water or boiled water for drinking and brushing teeth, and avoid ice cubes. It is better to eat well-cooked heated food and to peel raw fruits and vegetables. Surveillance and control procedures should include: providing safe drinking water and proper disposal of sanitary waste, monitoring water beds
Lab test results show a positive anti-HCV and confirm that Chad has Hepatitis C. The nurse explains to Chad that Hepatitis is liver disease with inflammation of the cells of the liver. Chad states "I can't have Hepatitis. I had all three of the vaccinations before I started working as a paramedic."
In New York City the Willowbrook State School (1947-1987) was supported for mentally disabled children by the state. The school had too many children with 2,000 or more students more than the school was even suppose to have. Families would give up the children to this lifestyle of poor and unsanitary conditions. Hepatitis A specifically and other hepatitis diseases were very common within this inhumane school. This disease inside the institution of disabled kids brought up outrageous amounts of controversy because of experiments on the children to try and diagnose their infection. Children with parents consent were the only allowed to be inside the specific study. Although many parents would giver the permission for the kids to be infected with the disease just so that they could be enlisted in the institution that didn’t need any
Hepatitis A is a highly contagious infection. The infection affects mostly the liver and internal organs. Hepatitis A is caused by a virus. You can get this virus by eating or drinking food contaminated by fecal matter. Symptoms do not normally appear until after you have contracted the virus for a few weeks. People most at risk for contracting this virus are children, laboratory workers, and people who have liver problems.
See a doctor right away if you or a child in your care has symptoms of hepatitis A.
Wash your hands following the use of the bathroom and before handling food or water.
Hepatitis A is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A affects the liver and may cause inflammation of the liver and affect the liver's functioning. This disease can be spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water. This disease can also be spread by close contact with infected individuals. If one does not wash their hands properly before preparing food or drink, they run the risk of contaminating the food with the hepatitis A virus (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2017).
Hepatitis D is a viral infection of the liver. This condition only occurs in people who also have hepatitis B.
The research is not ethical if the main purpose is to only provide knowledge of the disease. The ethnicity of the research should be related to a cure of the hepatitis strain and as a prophylactic treatment in case someone else is exposed to the infection. There is no ethical significance that the children often developed immunity. The problem would not have developed if the children were properly taken care of by the facility. The facility should be held accountable for the outbreak of the infection. If the experiment did not provide the desired results, the facility should have stopped all testing. Furthermore, the protection of the children was not the focal point of the facility.
Hepatitis C has developed into a significant public health issue that poses challenges because of the nature of its gestation period. The disease is asymptomatic so persons that have the disease might appear healthy for years unaware that they have the infection. The difference in genotypes in relation to diagnosis also presents another challenge to doctors. However, with improved techniques of disease diagnosis, it will be easier to detect the disease in its early stages of development which will prevent severe damage to the liver that only occurs when the disease has advanced to worse states. Liver cirrhosis and hepatomas are common problems that occur in patients when the diagnosis is confirmed at late stages.
Hepatitis C has been referred to as a "Silent Epidemic," since it usually progresses slowly over many years. Most people who are infected with hepatitis C are not aware of any noticeable symptoms for as long as one to two decades after they are infected. In fact, by the time symptoms appear, the virus has probably already begun to damage the liver. If the liver is injured and stops functioning, death will always be the outcome (Lieber). Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of liver transplants in the United States.
Hepatitis is a medical condition caused inflammation or swelling that effect the important organ in your body that called (liver){1}. Hepatitis is derived from Greek hepar, meaning "liver", and the suffix –ittis, meaning "inflammation" {2} . The liver is the biggest organ in your body that helps your body digest food, store energy and remove toxins. It is located in the super right part in your body {3}.
Globally, an estimated 150 million people have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is the major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and one of the most common indications for liver transplantation (Simmonds, 2004).There is serious concern about the growing problem of the HIV and HCV prevalence in Africa, where the major route of transmission of HIV is through the sexual route. Co-infection with HCV and HIV is common due to shared routes of transmission – via blood and blood products and sharing of needles for injecting drugs. About 40 million people are estimated to be infected with HIV worldwide of which approximately 4-5 million are co-infected with HCV (Alter, 2006). Co-infection with HIV and HCV are common due to shared routes of transmission, however, there are differences in the ways that these viruses are transmitted in the developed and developing countries (Ocama and Seremba, 2011).
Hepatitis is a general term used to describe the inflammation of the liver. This can happen when there are too many inflammatory chemicals being produced and released in the liver which damages the liver cells (hepatocytes). Hepatitis is diagnosed by performing laboratory tests to check the blood chemistry and liver enzymes. Abnormal results maybe an indication that there is some liver inflammation occurring.
This keeps up for a few days and you begin to feel a loss of appetite as well as nausea. A low grade fever between 100 °f - 102 °f is present. A pain and discomfort in the abdomen above the liver is also common, due to enlargement of the liver. After a few days of torture, a person’s urine becomes darker than usual and then jaundice, (a yellowish discoloration of the skin) appears. Jaundice and the dark urine indicate that liver is not functioning properly in removing a reddish-yellow pigment called bilirubin from the blood.
Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis A virus. It may cause fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, followed within a few days by jaundice the disease ranges in clinical severity from a mild illness lasting 1–2 weeks to a severely disabling disease lasting several months. Good personal hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent Hepatitis A. Transmission may occur by direct person-to-person contact; or from contaminated water, ice, or shellfish from contaminated water; or from fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are eaten uncooked, but which may become contaminated during handling. Hepatitis A can affect anyone