Hepatitis A
Josue Romero
Mrs. Algaze
Miami Lakes Educational Center
Abstract
Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis A virus. It may cause fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, followed within a few days by jaundice the disease ranges in clinical severity from a mild illness lasting 1–2 weeks to a severely disabling disease lasting several months. Good personal hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent Hepatitis A. Transmission may occur by direct person-to-person contact; or from contaminated water, ice, or shellfish from contaminated water; or from fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are eaten uncooked, but which may become contaminated during handling. Hepatitis A can affect anyone
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The symptoms start appearing after two to five weeks of infection. The main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low fever, rashes, loss of appetite and yellowing of skin (jaundice), abdominal pain. Diarrhea occurs in case of children. No specific treatment is there. Patients need adequate rest and proper nutrition. If skin becomes yellow then the patient needs a blood test or a liver panel test. If a person vomits for a long period amount of time, they get dehydrated; then, only then, hospitalization is needed. Patients should drink a plenty amount of water, or fluids. He or she should take food, which does not cause any harm to the liver. Patients should avoid tea, coffee or any alcoholic beverages, which causes harm to liver. He or she takes adequate rest. He should not take any medicine which causes harm to liver. If patient is confused about taking medicine then he or she should consult a doctor. Techniques for growing HAV in cell culture have made it possible to generate sufficient amounts of virus for vaccine production. Several inactivated or live attenuated vaccines against hepatitis A have been developed, but only four inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are currently available internationally. All four vaccines are similar in terms of efficacy and side-effect profile. The vaccines are given parenterally, as a two-dose series, 6-18 months apart. The dose of vaccine,
Hepatitis is bloodborne and is present in all body fluids of the infected person. Hepatitis unlike HIV can live on the outside surface of the skin for a long period of time. There are three types of hepatitis which are hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatitis B is the hardest to kill on the surface. Make sure to disinfect all surfaces with a hospital grade disinfectant. (sounds plagerised)
Treatment is varied. There are several drugs used to treat hepatitis in the United States. Intron A, Epivir-HBV, Pegasys, Baraclude, Hepsera, Viread, and Tyzeka are the only FDA approved drugs that have been shown to slow the virus and decrease liver damage and in some cases the virus is killed completely ("Hepatitis Treatments," n.d.). Ultimately vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV. The vaccine has been found to be effective and safe. Administration is given over a 6 month time and consists of 3-4 shots ("Hepatitis B," n.d.) and is estimated to be 95% effective. Everyone should be vaccinated but the
There are 5 variants of viral hepatitis from hepatitis A through to hepatitis E and these are caused by different viruses (Neighbours and Jones, 2010). In the initial stages of contracting viral hepatitis there is a possibility of being asymptomatic or there can be some non-specific and specific symptoms. Non-specific symptoms in a client could be anorexia, malaise, feelings of nausea and sometimes vomiting, a new dislike of the taste of cigarettes, myalgia (muscle pains), abdominal pains and fever. These non-specific symptoms can lead to a misdiagnosis such as influenza because they are quite general. Hepatitis is suspected when specific symptoms develop such as right upper quadrant
12- Hepatitis A- is usually not a serious illness. It is prevalent in developing countries, especially those with overcrowding and poor sanitation, in men who have sex with men, and injecting drug users.
HBV, as stated above, is a disease that affects the liver by coming into contact as an infant from the mother during birth, sex with an infected partner, sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes of an
Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A is highly contagious. It is usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route, either by person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated food or water. Moreover, Hepatitis A is a self-limited disease that does not result in chronic infection. More than 80% of adults with Hepatitis A have symptoms but the majority of children does not have symptoms or have an
There are many symptoms to look for, such as jaundice, unusually light-colored stool, flu-like symptoms (fever, nausea, and vomiting), abdominal pain, and persistent, unexplained fatigue. These symptoms usually occur one to six months after exposure to HBV, but approximately 30% of those infected don’t even experience any of these symptoms at all. For a doctor to diagnose hepatitis B, they must examine the patient’s blood and liver functions during a regular physical exam and if the infection is chronic, the doctor will extract actual liver tissue samples from the patient. Close examination of these samples helps doctors understand the severity of the infection and what direction to take in terms of medication and
Treatments for Hepatitis A include hydration, rest, over the counter medicines and bed rest. Hepatitis A normally clears up on its own after two months of proper hydration and rest. Extreme cases of Hepatitis A going wrong are liver failure. Hepatitis A can be prevented by vaccines, washing your hands, properly cook all foods, and to properly clean all foods. Hepatitis A can also be avoided by not eating raw unclean food or by eating at unsanitary
Hepatitis A is a viral infection of the liver. The virus causes inflammation in your liver and is contagious. Most cases of hepatitis A are fairly mild and people recover fully.
"Q fever." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015. Web. 12 Sept.
This is a form of viral hepatitis. It is transmitted by food and causes jaundice and fever. Most who die from it are children aged one to four. Although the death rate from hepatitis A is Burkina Faso is lower than any other country in Western sub-Saharan Africa, it is their most dangerous food and waterborne disease.
Mauss, S., Berg, T., Rockstroh, J., Sarrazin, C. and Wedemeyer, H. (2012). Short Guide to Hepatitis C. Flying Publisher. 15-16
Children six years and younger usually show no signs of symptoms. Older children and adults often get mild flu like symptoms including tiredness, upset stomach, fever, loss of appetite, stomach pain, diarrhea, dark yellow urine, light colored stools and yellowish eyes and skin known as jaundice. Hepatitis A usually lasts for a few weeks without treatment. You should avoid drinking alcohol which has an effect on the liver. Your physician may give you medication to help relieve the symptoms, or medicines you may want to avoid. If symptoms persist, you may want to go back to the doctors. When you have recovered,
The hepatitis A virus is found in the feces of someone infected with the virus. It only takes a tiny amount of feces getting inside another person’s mouth to cause hepatitis A infection and is a common infection in many parts of the world where sanitation and sewage infrastructure is poor. HAV is also classed as a sexually transmitted disease because it can be passed on sexually, particularly during activities such as anilingus.
There is no specific treatment for viral Hepatitis. Bed rest and preferably hospitalization is a necessary step in the early treatment. Even though Hepatitis A is a highly contagious virus, isolation of the patient to a single room is not necessary. However, proper prevention methods such as washing your hand after handling the patient, careful handling of the body fluids and feces and wearing gloves when drawing blood is important.