A) There are several issues raised in this question. There is a debate as to whether humans are a cooperating species or a selfish species. Humans cooperate instinctively for survival because this is beneficial to them. It can be argued that human beings cooperate for a reason because cooperation has many benefits; it aids survival. Cooperation evolved as a result of the benefits attached to it, this could be motivated entirely by the self-interest of the individual. According to Richard Dawkins “our genes may instruct us to be selfish, but we are not necessarily compelled to obey them all our lives” , if we choose to live in a society that is safe, we have no choice but to cooperate, as cooperation over time has allowed humans to survive. Unfortunately, life is full of competition; this gives rise to competition between groups which promotes cooperation within groups. Cooperation within groups can give rise to destructive ventures, and can lead to decision and risks that are not properly reasoned through hence threatening human survival, this is one disadvantage of cooperation. According to Robert Axelrod, this is the security dilemma in which “nations often seek their own security through means which challenges the security of others, this problem arises in such areas as escalation of local conflict and armed races”
It is argued that humans are a cooperating species and that cooperation is not just a by-product of competition but cooperation is inherent in humans,
We, human beings feel distinctly unique, individual and most importantly, unmistakably superior due to our exclusive intelligence. This is why we, as a society, tend to look down on other types of life-forms, insect or animal, as they do not possess that desired intellect. Yet, Lewis Thomas, in his opinion essay “On Societies as Organisms”, argues that human society has much to learn from the communal accomplishment of other life-forms. The author effectively conveys this main idea through his use of analogy, enumeration of examples and through his level of language.
Through an analysis of human characteristics, Immanuel Kant concludes progress is driven by humanity’s innate behavior of contempt for one another, which he refers to as antagonism. In Kant’s essay “On Universal History”, his fourth thesis states, “The means employed by Nature to bring about the development of all the capacities of men is their antagonism in society, so far as this is, in the end, the cause of a lawful order among men.” By this, Kant means that man finds himself in mutual opposition with his peers, but this opposition, as deemed by nature, is the force driving mankind’s development. According to Kant, man has a conflicting, natural tendency to both associate and isolate himself from others. The former because society gives him the ability to feel he is more developed than his individual capacities allow for, and the latter is a consequence of his
Domestic terrorism has played a major part in shaping the societies of the United States. The ideologies of individuals can become radicalized. This can lead to a movement. This movement involves the infliction of fear upon the communities, in attempt to make it a better world. It is critical to examine the events created by one man’s extreme ideologies in effort to better understand.
Humans are the most intricate organisms in the world, but when broken down, their primal nature is displayed. Primal instincts that include the need to label and place people in groups or the need to follow a leader. Now, these tendencies are not detrimental to humans as a whole, as they are the traits that have kept us alive for millions of years, but these same instincts can be just as damaging as they are helpful. Humans are our worst enemy because of corruption in the government, war, and the need to group people.
Humanity has thought of many ways of besting one another. Whether it be for military weapons, government, or how fertile the soil is, they always want to be better. First world countries seek to digitize everything to live in a world of luxury while third world countries long for opportunities and freedom. What they don’t have is what they desire, and what they already obtain they improve tenfold. Stronger, faster, bigger, better: this is the motto every other person subconsciously believes.
To be born human is to suffer endlessly in the hands of other individuals, this suffering knows no bounds. From the inception of the Upright man, and onward into the twilight future of uncertainty, there lays death and destruction in its path. The human capacity for empathy can transform into manifested hatred with words and actions of a minority few. This behavior is not just exclusive to people, aggressive ant species such as fire ants will relentlessly assault other ant colonies to compete for scarce resources and to take slaves, an action that mirrors human behaviors. Even humans’ closest relatives, the chimpanzee, will often raid and injure other primates to annex new territories. Although these measures can be regarded as warlike, there is no granted exact definition of war, and there is a myriad of casus belli for the escalation of a conflict. Broadly speaking, in a general term, war is
Per the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), domestic terrorism is an offense that is intended to influence or affect the conduct of government through intimidation or coercion. It can also be considered as a retaliation against government conduct. Terrorism violates many statutes, including 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, § 930(c), which relates to killing or attempting to kill during the attack of a federal facility with a dangerous weapon; and § 1114 which relates to the killing or attempted killing of officers and employees of the U.S (FBI, 2016). To be classified as an act of domestic terrorism, the event must contain specific criteria, such as the involvement of acts that are dangerous to human life that are in violation of federal or state law.
The article makes an apt comparison, finding that, “Overall, humans and chimpanzees showed comparable levels of violent death from aggression between groups.” At the point when humans—the pinnacle of evolution, the apex predator, the perfect machine—can objectively be compared to chimpanzees, an arguably lesser evolved animal, shows that we have no right to call ourselves evolved. Biologically we may be superior, but morally and emotionally, we have a long way to go. The evolution of murder as an effective means to a desired end, what the article calls a “by-product” of competition, is proof enough that we cannot call ourselves evolved. If we can produce such an atrocity simply as a by-product, humans cannot claim to function any different than wild animals. Evolution entails ascension, not only biologically, but also mentally, emotionally, and, most importantly, morally. The moral evolution that humanity has yet to achieve will provide the stepping stones towards substantial
Humanity is defined as the quality or state of being kind to other people or to animals. Every day, individuals are making decisions from the influences that are around us. Today, the technology is rapidly increasing, making the everyday tasks much simpler to complete. Science and medicine has been a major development that has helped the lives of many people. “As more and more people around the world acquire education, understanding of science has become much more widespread. Thanks to the relatively new sciences of sociology, anthropology, and psychology, our understanding of human nature and society has developed rapidly” (humanism). In today’s society, the belief is that only human problems can be solved by
Domestic terrorism consists of violations against federal and state law that put humans into danger. The purpose of domestic terrorism is to influence or to instill fear into the population and government. Terrorism comes in forms of gun violence, assassinations, and destruction (1). Since 1970, there have been 2,608 attacks and 226 fatal attacks up until 2011 (3). In 1867, the development of dynamite contributed to increasing terrorism, and radicals have used explosives to bring attention to political issues within the country. This invention led to the Haymarket Affair, Los Angeles Times, and the Preparedness Day bombings (2). What has further caused domestic terrorism has been the argument over who is an American. This explains the emergence of the Boston Tea Party and the “white supremacy” of the Ku Klux Klan which both occurred to claim what being an authentic American means (3). After the Cold war, domestic intelligence and law enforcement suppressed terrorist plots, but since the leader of al-Qaeda increased website usage in 2003, more internet terrorist sites have grown. In 2009, the FBI stated that there were approximately 15,000 websites that advocated terrorism with 10,000 sites still active on 80% of U.S based servers. (4) An example of an attack was the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 which resulted in 168 people dead and 600 people injured; the motivation for this was to show the opposition against the U.S government by bombing the Alfred P. Murrah Federal
The ever evolving subject of terrorism and terrorists is the subject of significant study worldwide. The psychological and behavioral factors involved in terrorism are one of the most studied issues. It has implications across the board for both the detection and deterrence of terrorism. How terrorists communicate and the influence that it plays in growing terroristic ideology, mission, and goals are also of significant importance, as well.
Wright points out that in certain circumstances, cooperation or non-violence can benefit both parties in an interaction, such as gains in trade when two parties trade their surpluses and both come out ahead. Wright argues that technology has increased the number of positive-sum games that humans tend to be involved in, by allowing the trade of goods, services and ideas over longer distances and among larger groups of people. The result is that other people become more valuable alive than dead, and violence declines for selfish
Our natural state within the universe when compared to the scale of history is extremely insignificant, and arises the fluid thought that our complete conscious existence relies on evolutionary accidents. It becomes clear with time that our knowledge of ourselves as a population of species compared to any other mammals is quite significant but yet completely detrimental to the health of our universe. We must be able as humans to grasp these concepts and particularly build a world better suited for future figures to give philosophical thoughts and aspects as the human race continues to develop. There is a shortcoming with our behavior, as Rachels describes, that if an action would help satisfy our own self-interest, than we see the most reason to perform such tasks. This leaves us prone to being selfish and to sometimes hold interests out of other people’s version of acceptable behavior. Rachels signifies that all people do not have to follow any one true combination of morals, ethics, or
Over the years there have been significant changes in how terrorism is carried out. With the changes in how terrorism is carried out there have also been dramatic changes in how countries counter terrorist attacks. The modifications in the way a country counters these terrorist attacks affects international relations of these countries. These issues bring about the question of how have counter terrorism methods affected international relations. To answer this question several things must be addressed which are, methodology, history of terrorism, and a literature review of multiple authors that have discussed this subject.
Purpose: To inform readers of the effects the recent terrorist attacks have on society today.