Introduction
Following the September 11 terror attack on the United States, terrorism has remained a salient issue for the Australian government and a significant source of anxiety for Australians. In fact, a study conducted by Hassan and Martin (2015) determined that 81% of Australians are somewhat fearful of terrorism. In response to the threat, Australia implemented an exhaustive counter-terrorism regime to pre-emptively eliminate potential harms (Williams, 2011). However, while expanded police and judicial powers are somewhat effective crime prevention mechanisms, they do not address the underlying problem. Essentially, a common characteristic of recent terror attacks in Sydney and Melbourne is that the perpetrators are ‘home grown’ individuals who have been radicalised. Critically, these individuals are not formally connected to terrorist organisations, making them harder to detect (Patucci, Ellis, and Chaplais, 2016). The potential harm of terrorism is catastrophic, thus, various developmental programs in Australia and around the world attempt to minimise youth radicalisation through early intervention. Nevertheless, developmental criminology remains underutilised in the counter-terrorism regime and is an important step to eliminating the accompanying us vs. them mentality. Therefore, this paper will establish the body of literature and theoretical framework from which recommendations may be drawn to inform de-radicalisation programs.
Literature Review
The body of
Ever since 9/11 when both World Trade Center buildings were attacked by an Islamic Group, attacks by Islamic Terrorist on U.S. soil have been less of a threat than Domestic Terrorists. Domestic Terrorism has been shown these passed for years but yet again most of these cases have not been classified as acts of Domestic Terrorism they most likely fall into the category. Now the definition of Domestic Terrorism is basically "the committing of terrorist acts in the perpetrator 's own country against their fellow citizens". Now personally I don 't know how our government is working with these popular cases like Charlottesville, Las Vegas, and a new that just happened recently actually two but I 'll just say one, the New York attack that
Religious terrorism is regularly portrayed as demonstrations of unreasonable, silly and indiscriminate violence, along these lines offering few, if any what really spur religious terrorism measures. This presumption about religious terrorism comes from different nations, groups and individual’s. Unbalanced regard for prophetically catastrophic terrorism, and an absence of qualification between religious terrorism and its mainstream partner. This article, in this manner, expects to do four things: characterize and separate religiously inspired terrorism, confidence, and activism along the lines of faith and violence. Furthermore, prescribe a scope of religion, confidence, and terrorism systems in view of these perceptions.
Terrorism, a word most people fear, but so often misinterpret. The textbook definition of terrorism is “the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims”. But how does that compare to domestic terrorism? Domestic terrorism or “homegrown terrorism” can be defined as “the committing of terrorist acts in the perpetrator’s own country against their fellow citizens”. Throughout the years, America as a nation has experienced quite a few occurrences of both types. An early example of homegrown terrorism would be the Haymarket Affair which occurred May 4, 1886 where in Chicago’s Haymarket Square, labor protesters detonated a bomb during a rally. Chicago police then responded by firing
Terrorism is a common term used in the media and news everyday, especially in the United States. We are in a constant battle against ‘terrorism’, “Counterterrorism has to be woven into the everyday workings of every department. It should be included on the agenda of every meeting…” (Kelling & Bratton, 2006).
The world has gone from bad to worse. Murders, hunger, destruction of properties, stealing, drugs and and other wrongs are no longer news but our everyday reality. Terrorism has been another problem, terrorism is nothing new and has always been present but after the 09/11 attack it has been increasing throughout the years. Most terror attacks haven’t been as impactful as the 9/11 attack but most recently domestic terrorists have carried out most of the attacks. The government should take the measures necessary and focus more on domestic terrorism than international terrorism for now, because domestic terrorists are already here and they can attack at anytime.
Terror has become a common feeling in today’s world. Music concerts and churches have become targets for terrorist activity. People are now thinking twice about their safety before leave home. In the book Terror In The Mind Of God by Mark Juergensmeyer, he starts off talking about different terror acts and how it has changed how he views the world. He says, "On a different day, at a different time, perhaps in a different bus, one of the bodies torn to shreds by any of these terrorist acts could have been yours or mine" (Juergensmeyer p. 3). He goes on to talk about how he feels betrayed that his "personal security and order that is usually a basic assumption of public life cannot in fact be taken for granted in a world where terrorist acts exit" (Juergensmeyer 3). Terrorism is a huge concern for Americans today. We hear on the news about church shootings and attacks on people attending an outdoor concert. We begin to feel unsafe going out in public and enjoying basic activities.
Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Pub. L. No. 107-52) expanded the definition of terrorism to cover ""domestic,"" as opposed to international, terrorism. A person engages in domestic terrorism if they do an act ""dangerous to human life"" that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, if the act appears to be intended to: (i) intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping. Additionally, the acts have to occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States and if they do not, may be regarded as international terrorism.
In the article "White Terrorism Is as Old as America" author Brit Bennett shows that white terrorism is often undermined and overlooked. Bennett supports the main idea by using evidence from the Charleston shooting involving Dylann Storm Roof. The first example of white terrorism being overlooked is when Bennett explains that the Media has been reluctant in classifying the Charleston shooting as terrorism. Bennett explains the history of America involving terrorism and racism, discussing the antiterrorism law in 1871 which evoked fears for white gunman, of the black community hurting the white community in various ways. The second point Bennett makes is that the argument of not knowing the Storms motives. Bennett provides examples of possible
Terrorism is a political action ensued using violence and intimidation, yet has no correlation with race or religion; therefore, the assumption and stereotype that terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda and ISIS are fueled by a ‘violent’ religion, Islam, is false. In actuality, Islam is built on altruistic and nonviolent principles, and unfortunately the majority of people seem to have unfairly institutionalized all Muslims as jihadists and anti-Semitic, even going as far as to deduce all individuals practicing their faith as terrorists themselves. This often bigoted and racist presumption had led to further conflicts, and ultimately terrorism coupled with the parochial views of many has made life particularly arduous for the peaceful Muslim Americans
Terrorism has become the lead issue in today’s society, dominating the political agenda when discussing counter terrorism and national security (Walsh, 2016). Terrorist often act on emotional actions rather than rational or intellectual thoughts using unconventional violence in order to create a sense of fear (Walsh, 2016). Osama Bin laden leader of the Al Qaeda terrorist group became one of the most powerful, fearful and well known terrorist group in the world, to this day Citation. The Al Qaeda terrorist group is one of the wealthiest terrorist groups to date giving thousands of trained and motivated fighter’s access to deadly weapons Citation. Many of these Solders carried out vicious acts contributing in the killings of thousands. The research shown below will help explore the reasoning behind the Al Qaeda terrorist group, specifically focusing on Osama Bin Laden and the history of the organization, the objectives and strategy of the Al Qaeda, Al Qaeda’s beliefs and Ideologies, The scale of operation and finally the fate of the organization.
Homegrown terrorism or domestic terrorism is commonly associated with violent acts committed by citizens or permanent residents of a state against their own people or property within that state without foreign influence in an effort to instill fear on a population or government as a tactic designed to advance political, religious, or ideological objectives.
After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Bush administration declared a worldwide "war on terror,” consisting of open and covert military operations and security legislations in an effort to block the financing of terrorism. The U.S. called for states across world to join their fight against terrorism (Globalpolicy.org, 2015). This essay will be arguing if the U.S. was justified in their advances or if they have used the attacks against them in order to launch a war against those it suspected, using the attacks as a justification for torture and mistreatment of people across the world.
Have you ever had a fear for your family, your town, your country, or your world. How about the fear to have everything taken from you, destroyed, and not caring if it has hurt you or not? What about your fear and pain is, and can be someone else’s happiness? The fear of you being terrorized? That is terrorism. Someone else bringing fear and terrorizing you. That is a terrorist’s goal. Terrorism is common and is very difficult to stop. The government promises protection for the people, and their home, but they can not give that protection if they can not stop terrorism. Terrorism needs to stop to protect the live of the people, and their country.
Thesis: Since the attack that started September 11, 2001, the War on Terrorism has added a sense of fear into American’s daily lives.
“What separates us from the animals, what separates us from the chaos, is our ability to mourn people we’ve never meet” (David Levithan). As a war is an organization, armed, and prolonged conflict that is carried on between states, nation, or other parties. While the terrorism is acts committed by the government to kill innocent people by the non-government group to create a media spectacle. In the war scenario, the battle is involved between willing participants. The terrorism is a more no-holds-barred approach to attack an enemy and this leaves civilians for potential targets. The people who commit a terrorist or war will act out of violations without regret for others and their own people. Throughout the history of the world, there were wars between countries would always be remembered. While terrorism is spread tentacles throughout this world are constant threat victims of their heinous crime. Even the centuries of war and terrorism, these people will never understand the meaning of peace and prosperity in one union as a whole family. There are similarities and differences in the methods of threats, losses of lives, property damage, and similar and different goals.