The Algeria Cultural Identity

Algeria, which is taken up mostly by the Sahara desert, was apart of the Ottoman Empire lead by Hussein Dey until France launched war due to a disagreement between a French consul and their leader. And also because of their desire to expand their empire. They seized Algiers in 1830 and came to have an intense impact on the area and its populations. Quickly France took control over the coastal communities, Dey went into exile and the Algerians were resistant up until about the 1840s and by 1847 Algeria was made a department of France.

Algeria, officially known as the Peoples' Democratic Republic of Algeria, is located in Northern Africa. It borders the countries of Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Libya, Tunisia, and the disputed land of Western Sahara. Algeria has a prominent coastline, and its capital city of Algiers is located on a bay of the Mediterranean Sea. The territorial size of the country is 2,381,740 square kilometers (919,594 square miles) which is more than three times the size of Texas (U.S. Department of State). Algeria has a population of approximately 34.8 million people, which has tripled since 1960 (Google Public Data).

Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Ottomans and the French colonial empire. Berbers are generally considered to be the indigenous inhabitants of Algeria. Following the Arab conquest of North Africa, most indigenous inhabitants were Arabised; thus, although most Algerians are Berber in origin, most identify with Arab culture. En masse, Algerians are a mix of Berbers, Arabs, Turks and Black Africans.

make a compelling case for the expression of the Algerian government’s role in the persistence of the conflict.

They include political instability and economic constraints. There was no peace in Algeria. At any time death could occur. Many people face such challenges every day, and it is always very hard for them to face them since it is not clear to them what might happen next. Islamist wanted power, and they wanted to get it by force. They were forcing people to convert to their faith or die. That means people lived without freedom. As a result, many people decide to leave. They, however, also faced discrimination in the new country. Citizens in the countries they migrate to view them as competitors and invaders who are after their scarce resources. The only immunity is the immigration

In 1956, Morocco emerged as independent from one of the many colonizers at the time, France. Those who were to lead the transition from colony to independent monarchy had two problems. First, France officially recognized Morocco as an independent sovereign state but insisted on guiding the creation of the new state (Balfaraj, para. 5-7). Second, as the case with its neighbour Algeria, France had annexed its colonies in North Africa and redefined them as French in culture, tradition and territory. In doing so, it declared a war on native culture and traditions (Hannoum, pp. 7-11). Hence, how was Morocco going to regain its native culture and what form would the newly independent Morocco culturally assume? Political theorists such as Anderson argued that nations will form when a national public consciousness arises. Others, like Habermas, theorised that nations would regain identity when the public and private spheres merge and, as per Andreson, when both spheres, melded into one, reimagine and actualise their pre-colonial national identity and ultimately emerge as a united construct. While both theories try to imagine, and define post-colonial national identity, female writers such as Assisa Djeba from Algeria, Souad Guellouz from Tunisia and Leila Abouzeid from Morocco immediately slipped into their culture, language, traditions and nationhood. Despite the utterly cruel cultural, linguistic and national suppression they faced under the French, none of the elements which

Located in Northern Africa, Algiers serves as the capital of Algeria. It is positioned on the Mediterranean Sea along the Bay of Algiers. It is by Libya in the east, Morocco in the west and Niger in the south east. Algeria is currently considered to be Africa’s largest country. The city, which derives from the Arabic meaning “The Islands” currently serves as an import as well as export. It is known for its rich textured architecture thriving businesses has become the economic and cultural focal point of the country.

The North African countries are politically and culturally different from the rest of the African countries. The countries of North Africa are part of the Arab world, as members of the Arab League. Arabic is the language spoken in the region, with a population comprised mostly by Arabs and Berbers. Islam is the main religion in North Africa, due to the Islamic empires that extended in this region. North Africa is further divided into two smaller regions: Maghreb and the Sahara. The Maghreb region makes up northwestern Africa along the Atlas Mountains, including Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. The countries in the Sahara region are Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan (Maps of World).

The Algerian Sahara is one of the hottest and driest place in the world, covers na area of more than two million square kilometers and extends from the Sahara Atlas mountains to the Malian, Nigerian and libyan borders. This is a vast territory with a population estimated at three million and half inhabitants.

Second largest country in Africa, tenth largest country in the world, diverse culture extending from the Mediterranean coast to the dunes of the Sahara Desert...Algeria. Even with its massive size the current status of Algeria’s economy is quivering in the lofty winds of the Tell Atlas Mountains. The economy tends to remain dominated by the state, which is accordingly a legacy of the country’s socialist post-independence development model. Hydrocarbons are the backbone for Algeria, accounting for 60% of budget revenues, 30% GDP, and 95% of export earnings. Reviewing the last five years we see the government halting privatization of state-owned industries, and increasing the restrictions of imports and foreign involvement. Algeria’s

The People 's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa and on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital Algiers, is the most populous city in the country. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi) with 90% of desert, Algeria is the 10th country in the world, and the largest in Africa. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

Algeria is a CRT-5 country with high levels of economic and political risk and very high financial system risk. In terms of economics high oil revenue declined over 45% in first quarter of 2015. This then led to state spending cuts and delay of surplus of state funded projects contributing to the limit of revenue shortfall. The unemployment rate is also high at 10% contributing to the instability of the economic financials. Politically the risks are high due to large scale labor strikes, due to inadequate housing, high unemployment rates. Budget cuts will continue to contribute to this issue. The local boarders are shared with Mali, Tunisia, and Libya therefore terrorism is a problematic concern. They are unable to secure the desert boarders specifically with Al-Qaeda being less than 75 miles from Algiers.

not only in Algeria but also in the whole area from Casablanca to Tashkent, the

Algeria is located in North Africa on the Mediterranean Sea. It is situated to the west of Libya and Tunisia and east of Morocco. The north is fertile and mountainous, in contrast to the south that includes parts of the Sahara desert. In all, more than four-fifths of Algeria is desert. Algeria is 919,590 square miles and is the tenth largest country in the world. The country’s population is 29.2 million and is growing annually at 2.2 percent. About 75 percent of all residents are under the age of 25 due to the short-lived lives. Most shortened by disease a lack of medical knowledge. The make-up of Algeria consists of 83 percent Arabic, while 16 percent are of Amazigh lineage. Lastly, the Imazighen and Arabs are well integrated to complete the make-up of Algeria. The earliest inhabitants of Algeria were cattle herders and hunters living in Al Hajjar between 8,000 and 2,000 BC. In addition, Phoenicians settled in some of the coastal areas of Algeria from Carthage what is now known as Tunisia. The Berber chief Massinissa established the first Algerian kingdom, during the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage. Massinissa ruled his kingdom of Numidia from 202. 148 BC. His dynasty lasted until 106 BC, when his grandson Jurgatha became a Roman client. As part of the Roman Empire Numidia flourished, with successfully building a road system as well as a series of Roman garrisons which became small Roman cities. The Romans and the Vandals held the coastal region until the Arab invasion

According to the Library of Congress, “[t]he Algerian government is a multi-party republic with a constitution and a strong presidency.” There are three branches of government including a legislative, executive, and judicial branch. The president has a considerable amount of power. He can appoint or dismiss the prime minister, act as the commander in chief of the armed forces, and more. Currently the president is Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who has been in office since 1999. Ideally, there is a presidential election every 5 years, with a limit of 2 terms per president. However, it seems as if President Bouteflika is not going to abide by that provision (Country Profile, Algeria 17).