The Algeria Cultural Identity

People try to help people when sometimes, no help is needed. During the 1800's, the more developed countries wished to expand and help to develop other nations. They did this by the process called imperialism. One of these developed countries was France, who imperialized Algeria. They did this for many reasons such as nationalism and the White Man's Burden. French Imperialism on Algeria was harmful during and after Algerian independence politically, socially and economically. It was harmful during because politically, the French took over Algeria by force and forced them to do their work. Socially harmful because the Algerians morals and way of life depleted. And economically because they were given jobs equal to lower class citizens, and did not help their economy. After independence, Algeria did not keep the changes that France had previously made politically, socially and economically. Making the whole process harmful to Algeria

Algeria is a republic, having won independence from France on July 5, 1962 (U.S. Department of State).

Algeria, which is taken up mostly by the Sahara desert, was apart of the Ottoman Empire lead by Hussein Dey until France launched war due to a disagreement between a French consul and their leader. And also because of their desire to expand their empire. They seized Algiers in 1830 and came to have an intense impact on the area and its populations. Quickly France took control over the coastal communities, Dey went into exile and the Algerians were resistant up until about the 1840s and by 1847 Algeria was made a department of France.

Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Ottomans and the French colonial empire. Berbers are generally considered to be the indigenous inhabitants of Algeria. Following the Arab conquest of North Africa, most indigenous inhabitants were Arabised; thus, although most Algerians are Berber in origin, most identify with Arab culture. En masse, Algerians are a mix of Berbers, Arabs, Turks and Black Africans.

They include political instability and economic constraints. There was no peace in Algeria. At any time death could occur. Many people face such challenges every day, and it is always very hard for them to face them since it is not clear to them what might happen next. Islamist wanted power, and they wanted to get it by force. They were forcing people to convert to their faith or die. That means people lived without freedom. As a result, many people decide to leave. They, however, also faced discrimination in the new country. Citizens in the countries they migrate to view them as competitors and invaders who are after their scarce resources. The only immunity is the immigration

make a compelling case for the expression of the Algerian government’s role in the persistence of the conflict.

1. The country of Tunisia sits atop the northernmost point in Africa, surrounded by Algeria to the west, Libya to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea and Europe to the north. It has occupied this territory since its foundation under the Ottoman empire.1 Since then its rulership has transitioned from regime to regime; each with a history of civil war and corruption.2 The most recent of these ended in revolution in 2011, when Tunisia overthrew its dictator, and established a new constitution and elected government.3 Today it is the only democracy in the Arab world.4 This outcome was internationally championed as a success story, evident by the 2015 Nobel peace prize awarded to the union leaders, lawyers, and human rights activists who facilitated the dialogue between politicians and the workforce for the construction of a new democratic system.5 However, the same economic problems of the previous regime still remain and threaten the political stability that many of Tunisia’s allies, including the United States of America (U.S.), hope to see.6 This paper explores Tunisia through the cultural domains of Politics and Social Relations, Economy and Resources, and finally the country’s relation to U.S. interests.

The Algerian Sahara is one of the hottest and driest place in the world, covers na area of more than two million square kilometers and extends from the Sahara Atlas mountains to the Malian, Nigerian and libyan borders. This is a vast territory with a population estimated at three million and half inhabitants.

The North African countries are politically and culturally different from the rest of the African countries. The countries of North Africa are part of the Arab world, as members of the Arab League. Arabic is the language spoken in the region, with a population comprised mostly by Arabs and Berbers. Islam is the main religion in North Africa, due to the Islamic empires that extended in this region. North Africa is further divided into two smaller regions: Maghreb and the Sahara. The Maghreb region makes up northwestern Africa along the Atlas Mountains, including Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. The countries in the Sahara region are Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan (Maps of World).

North Africa is composed of six countries, which include Western Sahara, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and

Located in Northern Africa, Algiers serves as the capital of Algeria. It is positioned on the Mediterranean Sea along the Bay of Algiers. It is by Libya in the east, Morocco in the west and Niger in the south east. Algeria is currently considered to be Africa’s largest country. The city, which derives from the Arabic meaning “The Islands” currently serves as an import as well as export. It is known for its rich textured architecture thriving businesses has become the economic and cultural focal point of the country.

Algeria is located in North Africa on the Mediterranean Sea. It is situated to the west of Libya and Tunisia and east of Morocco. The north is fertile and mountainous, in contrast to the south that includes parts of the Sahara desert. In all, more than four-fifths of Algeria is desert. Algeria is 919,590 square miles and is the tenth largest country in the world. The country’s population is 29.2 million and is growing annually at 2.2 percent. About 75 percent of all residents are under the age of 25 due to the short-lived lives. Most shortened by disease a lack of medical knowledge. The make-up of Algeria consists of 83 percent Arabic, while 16 percent are of Amazigh lineage. Lastly, the Imazighen and Arabs are well integrated to complete the make-up of Algeria. The earliest inhabitants of Algeria were cattle herders and hunters living in Al Hajjar between 8,000 and 2,000 BC. In addition, Phoenicians settled in some of the coastal areas of Algeria from Carthage what is now known as Tunisia. The Berber chief Massinissa established the first Algerian kingdom, during the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage. Massinissa ruled his kingdom of Numidia from 202. 148 BC. His dynasty lasted until 106 BC, when his grandson Jurgatha became a Roman client. As part of the Roman Empire Numidia flourished, with successfully building a road system as well as a series of Roman garrisons which became small Roman cities. The Romans and the Vandals held the coastal region until the Arab invasion

Second largest country in Africa, tenth largest country in the world, diverse culture extending from the Mediterranean coast to the dunes of the Sahara Desert...Algeria. Even with its massive size the current status of Algeria’s economy is quivering in the lofty winds of the Tell Atlas Mountains. The economy tends to remain dominated by the state, which is accordingly a legacy of the country’s socialist post-independence development model. Hydrocarbons are the backbone for Algeria, accounting for 60% of budget revenues, 30% GDP, and 95% of export earnings. Reviewing the last five years we see the government halting privatization of state-owned industries, and increasing the restrictions of imports and foreign involvement. Algeria’s

not only in Algeria but also in the whole area from Casablanca to Tashkent, the

Algeria is a CRT-5 country with high levels of economic and political risk and very high financial system risk. In terms of economics high oil revenue declined over 45% in first quarter of 2015. This then led to state spending cuts and delay of surplus of state funded projects contributing to the limit of revenue shortfall. The unemployment rate is also high at 10% contributing to the instability of the economic financials. Politically the risks are high due to large scale labor strikes, due to inadequate housing, high unemployment rates. Budget cuts will continue to contribute to this issue. The local boarders are shared with Mali, Tunisia, and Libya therefore terrorism is a problematic concern. They are unable to secure the desert boarders specifically with Al-Qaeda being less than 75 miles from Algiers.