The American Ginseng Plant

The Maryland ecosystem is being ravaged by several invasive species. These species are introduced into the ecosystem in several ways, with several discoveries of invasive species every year. Whether it be Wavyleaf basketgrass or Purple loosestrife, these plants are capable of outcompeting with native plants and causing devastation to the native ecosystem. These invasive species are damaging to the environment and we should work as a community to halt the spread and limit its impact on the ecosystem of Maryland.

These areas commonly have higher moisture and nutrient content allowing for higher survival rates. Because western hemlock can thrive on numerous seedbeds and that it is difficult to regenerate in outdoor nurseries (bareroot), natural regeneration tends to be the more favorable of the regeneration methods. Containerized seedlings are another form of regeneration and are the more favorable if advanced regeneration is wanted. This is due to higher survival rates than the bare rooted seedlings because of better quality seedlings and less damage to the roots. The initial growth of western hemlock is slow; growing 8 inches in 2 years. However, once established in a favorable seedbed in full light, the average growth rate can jump up to 24 inches or more annually. Western hemlock is considered to be one of the more shade tolerant species. Only a few other species such as Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) can equal or have a greater tolerance of

They do this to adapt to the colour of the current season they are in. This can benefit in many ways such as camouflage or hide from predators. The White-tails deer is an important part of the environment as it is a good food source for bobcats, panthers, and coyotes. Another extremely important role in the environment they play is eating invasive plant species since they are herbivores. If the White-tail deer was to be taken out of the ecosystem, a lot of these plants would invade or

People often think that deer are the kind of animal that will try to avoid humans, staying as far away from us as possible. Although the deer are often afraid of humans, they do not always do well in the deep forest setting. The deer are not like most animals that are found in the forest; they actually do very well in a relatively rural setting. Unlike the grizzly bear which prefers to be alone, and really can not survive with humans, the deer has survived and is growing in numbers because of the human. Although the food is generally unwillingly taken, man has been feeding the deer for years. Deer love to eat farmers’ crops, vegetable gardens, and any landscaping flowers they can find. Not only has man been feeding the deer, but we have also eliminated almost all of their predators. The population of wolves and coyotes are gone in most regions. Hunting is strictly controlled by officials, and cannot really guarantee anything as far as population control. Therefore, there is no good way to control the population.

Georgia has been invaded by numerous species that are known as harmful exotic plants and animals. It is so costly to attempt to control invasive species and the damages they inflict cost the United States annually an estimated $137 billion (Georigia Invasive Species Task Force, 2005). For example, in South Georgia there is an estimate of 7 million acres of Kudzu vine that originated in Japan and China. The damage that arises with the Kudzu vine is that it grows up to one foot per day and overgrows and shades out trees, covers houses, barns and road signs (Georigia Invasive Species Task Force, 2005). In order to make this a top priority some things congress needs to change is the revision of current United States policy on importation of live plants and animals and when considering, reviewing, or approving trade agreements they address specific invasive species. In addition, the implementation of prescribed burnings in areas with invasive species will help eliminate and control the spreading of such invasive species.

How did the organism get introduced into its new environment? Japanese Knotweed was first brought to Britain by the Victorians as an ornamental garden plant. But the species began to spread quickly and soon overpopulate many lands all over the world. 4. What positive effects has the organism had on its new environment?

To achieve the full effect of managing for wildlife and timber, and individual must be very knowledgeable of both things. You must know how each species of wildlife is affected when harvesting timber in an area (Halterman, 1973). Wild turkeys have been known to use pine plantations that have been burned in the past 6 years, more than any forest type when nesting. These plantations are anywhere from 13 to 18 years old, with each of them being thinned at least one time (Smith, 1990). Studies in east-central Mississippi show that wild turkeys have almost doubled the home range area during the winter when compared to summer . Studies show that wild turkeys use pine plantations less during the winter and prefer

The history of white-tailed deer in Missouri shows positive and negative influences humans can have on wildlife. During presettlement times, the whitetail was abundant in Missouri, especially in the more fertile and diverse habitats of northern Missouri. The influx of European settlers to Missouri during the last half of the 19th century coincided with a rapid decline in the deer population. Unrestricted market hunting and habitat destruction, such as cutting, burning, farming and grazing forest lands, contributed most to this decline.

Ginseng is a perennial plant that is used as medicine in many places in Asia such as China, Korea and Thailand for thousands of years. It was shown that frequent consumption benefits a lot of different medical conditions, and it is also believed to be able to increase vitality and leads to long life span (Yadav, 2017).

For the white-tailed deer, their basic diet consists of a variety of plants. The National Geographic Society has them labeled as herbivores, and they are not too picky when it comes to basic food. They’ll eat grass, twigs, vegetables, fruit, fungi, and nuts.

In early April, fawns (baby deer) are born. After a few weeks, the doe (the mother deer) leaves her fawns to find food. The doe leaves her fawns in a bushy place. The trees and grass can help keep the fawns from being seen by hungry predators. The white-tailed deer has many predators, such as these: mountain lions, bobcats, leopards, lions, dogs, bears, tigers, coyotes, wolves, and even humans.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) was first introduced in the United States around 1784 as an ornamental. This ornamental was imported from China. The tree was to imported to the US to help for its medicinal and cultural value. Tree of heaven has been found in 48 states in the U.S. This species is invasive because it spreads very rapidly by seeds. The seeds can travel up to 1,476 feet. The impact of tree-of-heaven is complicated because of its invasiveness and the cost of the chemicals to keep it controlled. The research found shows how invasive the tree-of-heaven is in Virginia along the highways and roads. McAvoy, Snyder, Johnson, Salom, and Kok (2012) state “The purpose of this study was to establish baseline distributions and densisties

The standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb 761® is an herbal remedy, most extensively used for dementia and cognitive impairment and it is one of the best classified extracts (DeFeudis FV, Drieu K. 2000). This standardized extract contains 24% flavanol hetrosides and 6% terpenes (ginkgolide biolobalide) and is marketed in Europe as Rokan® and Tanakan® (Porsolt et al.,1990). Having a lower molecular weight EGb 761 can cross blood brain barrier and produces various pharmacological effects on central nervous system (DeFeudis FV, Drieu K. 2000). In recent studies it is seen that Ginkgo biloba extract (120-600 mg) enhances to some extent many cognitive processes in healthy young individuals as well as old aged individuals suffering from impaired cognition (Silberstein et al., 2011). In spite of being easily tolerated it shows mild side effects in humans such as allergic reactions, GIT disturbances, nausea, headache, dizziness, heart palpitation, restlessness, and weakness whereas LD-50 ranging from 1100-7725 mg/kg body weight of mice or rats shows low acute toxicity (Frensin et al., 2010) .

This study was conducted at Auburn University’s Deer Research Facility in conjunction with other ongoing research projects. Auburn University’s Deer Research Facility was on the Piedmont Agricultural Research Substation (32° 49' 50" N,

Also, because of the high demand for ginseng, people were picking wild ginseng in forests (in Southern Ontario) causing ginseng becoming an endangered species having a very low reproduction rate