The way that modern businesses operate and are perceived has changed dramatically in the past few decades. Some of these changes have been “cosmetic” whereas some of them have revolutionised company and employee management. “Google’s organisational structure and workplace practices (such as their ‘fun at work’ initiatives) not only allow for increasingly creative and innovative ideas to emerge, but are also undoubtedly positive for employee well-being”. This report will outline how Google and other organisations have developed and successfully applied different management strategies that deviate from the standard bureaucratic model.
The bureaucratic model of leadership is based on the concept of fixed duties that are maintained through a hierarchy of authority. Max Weber (1800) believed that organizations had one critical weakness and that was closely interacting with employees and simulating a family or community like environment. He believed that the only way that and organisation could be run was by separating work and pleasure and ensuring that employees followed a stick code of conduct which would be enforced and managed by more trustworthy and higher ranking employees. However while prominent for over a century the bureaucratic management model has become scarcely used in the last few decades as more and more organisations seem to be gradually reverting to pre bureaucratic values. Organisations like Valve and Google have cause the diminishment of the
The bureaucratic era has been the traditional form of organization for more than a century, in simple terms described as hybridity, standardized operations and none flexibility inside the organization. The change to the post-bureaucratic is shown through personal influence, high trust relationships and the importance of the individuality of everyone (McKenna, Garcia-Lorenzo & Bridgeman, 2010). According to Kernaghan (2000) the characteristic of the bureaucratic era is “position power” and of the post bureaucratic “participate leadership”.
After undergoing a dramatic and angst-ridden season, the Victorian Korfball Senior Team is in need of significant transformation if there is any hope of fostering a high performance culture in the new season. Due to their history of conflict, the players in their present state lack any indications of cohesion. Selecting the right athletes for the new team will play a significant role in the baseline level of cohesion. Each of these areas can be addressed through a method of careful analysis via the Multidimensional Model of Leadership (Chelladurai & Saleh 1978), implementation of an appropriate intervention and the structuring of a consultative leadership environment.
Weber identified the significance of bureaucracy within organizations. Within the bureaucratic organization there is a stratification of hierarchy where the legal legitimate authority is invested in individuals who exercise command on the basis of rules and not on the basis of personal authority (Morrison, 2006). Legitimate authority within a bureaucratic organization aims to remove the subjectivity and unpredictability of human action thus decisions are made and behaviours implemented in a
For proponents, the approach has been used to diagnose and treat a diverse set of workplace ills, including poor communication, sluggish innovation, absenteeism, antimanagement sentiment, stress, and lack of creativity. Deal and Kennedy (1999) even suggested that if the “Fun Quotient” is high in a firm, then employees “will be more willing to commit themselves . . . people will pour their hearts and souls into what they do . . . it produces better results for everyone concerned—employers, employees, and society at large” (p. 234). According to these authors, cultures that promote a childlike frivolity and playfulness are especially important today following the wave of downsizing that beleaguered corporate capitalism in the early 1990s. Perhaps echoing the current interest in corporate spirituality and enchantment (Casey, 2002; Kline & Izzo, 1999), they claimed that managers must now try to counter labor discontent by fundamentally changing the meaning of work among employees and managers alike. This article critically examines a managed culture of fun in a communications organization. It will be argued that an important aspect of this management approach is the symbolic blurring of the boundary that has traditionally demarcated work and nonwork experiences. This boundary of course has antecedents that can be traced back to the industrial revolution whereby home, lifestyle, recreation, and play were severed from the act of labor by the
In this essay,I’m going to argue that leadership practices bring impacts on sustainable development in the post-bureaucratic era. World Commission on Economic Development(WCED) defines sustainable development as development that satisfies the needs in the present as well as in the future (Bansal 2005). Business is considered as an aspect of the society as a whole (Evans 1992) and it can be seen that the society is more concerned about ethics,law and regulations,thus a more sustainable management style is widely applied in the post-bureaucratic era. In the first section,I draw upon Cameron and Caza (2004),Mackey (2011),Bansal(2005) and Driscoll and Starik (2004) to present ideas on the contribution of different types of organizational
Autocratic, otherwise known as Authoritarian, leadership styles assume that employees are externally motivated and incapable of making external decisions. Therefore, orders are given out specifically with clear expectations and deadlines. In this leadership style the leader has the final say in the project (Finkleman, 2012). Democratic Leaders are less productive then authoritarian leaders; however, they tend to have the most quality. This is a result of the leaders giving guidance as well as participating in the project. Participants are encouraged to grow, be engaged, and tend to feel like valuable members of the team (Cherry, 2015). Laissez- faire leaders take very hands off approach to the project. Participants are less motivated and less productive then the previous two. The leader assumes that the participants are internally motivated by recognition, achievement, and increased responsibility. It is assumed that participants are self regulating and autonomous (Finklman, 2012). This leadership style is effective in environments where participants are highly skilled and specialized. Otherwise, the group lacks direction and tends to blame each other for mistakes; while refusing to take personal responsibility (Cherry, 2012). The results of my quiz indicated that I take a predominately Laissez- Faire approach to leadership is accurate. This lines up with my approach towards life; I tend
In this essay, I will argue the way in which practices of leadership contribute to managing innovation, change and rationality in the post-bureaucratic era. More specifically, I will delve into the issue of women in leadership roles and how their prevalence has evolved throughout the post-bureaucratic era. In order to understand exactly how the practices of leadership have contributed to managing innovation, change and rationality, we must first understand what leadership is. According to Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis (2012), leadership is defined as the process of directing, controlling, motivating and inspiring employees to common organisational goals. This definition however, underemphasises the complexity of leadership and the ways in which
The many writers and theorists of management philosophies are placed throughout these categories and will be mentioned in this paper. We will now briefly consider in rough chronological order each of these key management ideas. Bureaucracy Weber's theory of bureaucracy is often presented alongside the works of Fayol and Urwick who, discuss administrative management. We will go into more depth with them later. Weber's main interest was in the process of social change and in the effect of rationality on religious thought and capitalism. The key to bureaucracy is authority. From a historical perspective authority is based on the belief in the sacred or the extraordinary characteristics of the person giving the orders (e.g. Christ). In a more traditional form, authority was established through the belief that the person giving the orders had done so through tradition (e.g. King or Duke). Finally, the legal form of authority implied that the person giving the orders was acting in accordance with or under established rules or laws. The Weberian model of bureaucracy offers a stable and predictable world that provides the blueprint for rationally designed structures in which rational individuals carry out their prescribed actions and tasks. The bureaucratic form of the organization posses specific features such as specialization, hierarchy, rules, impersonality, full time
The concept of bureaucracy was developed by Max Weber who was a German Sociologist. According to weber “bureaucratic organizations are the most rational means of carrying out imperative control over human beings.” (Kuldeep, n.d.). The organizations that follow a bureaucratic system are the organizations that have the most logical way of controlling over humans. He proposed bureaucracy as a scientific and basic model which work both in public and private sectors.
Weber’s bureaucratic approach focuses on the importance of hierarchy by putting great emphasis on the use of rules, procedures and making impartial personnel decisions when managing. He put great emphasis on the jurisdiction, explaining that work should be “divided according to type and purpose” staying within the correct working unit just as the organization’s rules and laws would state (Milakovich, et. al., 2013, p. 146). A hierarchy would be established with a chain of command clearly identifying a system of super- and
Google is famous for offering up an indulgent working environment, which is a trade-off for what the company expects with be hard work. Google provides at its main facility in California a bowling alley, bocce courts, and free cafes. The company strives to foster an environment where creative people can work intensively, by providing them with the means to blow off steam at various points. In addition, Google sees its perks as being a way to attract the best talent in the industry as well. In the knowledge-based industry in which Google operates, the company believes that it must be the most attractive proposition for such talent, and it competes against many companies that have the same philosophy. The company even allows employees to design their own workspaces, to encourage maximum creativity on the job.
Bureaucratic leadership style has a long history. It’s been used in politics and in religions organisations around the world. The effectiveness of the style has seen a number of great leaders take advantage of the framework, with business leaders understanding the essential nature of the style.
Chapter sixteen discusses various leadership theories which can implemented by leaders to achieve success. The choice of leadership theory differs from leader to leader as they possess different vision and way of managing. A theory isn 't always perfect in itself, it is the endless effort of the leaders which makes the theory a perfect one. Two approaches of leadership that I prefer are Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. Among many theories I prefer these two because I tend to practice those principles most of the time and I assume these are theories that I truly tend to continue in a long run.
“In 2011, a civil war broke out in Syria, ISIS took advantage of the chaos and began seizing territory with its brutal tactics, including on the spot executions and public be-headings of citizens. ISIS became the most powerful of the rebel armies within society.”.In recent years, an increasing quantity of atrocities and informal government procedures have been executed across the world, many of which begin within the roots of an individual in power. In response to these catastrophes, many are searching for answers as to how these disasters were instantiated, and how the correlation between power and leadership influence the outcome of atrocities evolving around the world. Based on the evidence, power and leadership are dissimilar due to the fact that both methods of ruling wage opposing levels of intimacy to their communities, advocating converse strategies in dealing with the running of a government; decisions that revolutionize economic and political situations faced by government parties indefinitely.
The above outlined the framework required for the bureaucratic leadership. But it’s also beneficial to study the qualities and traits a bureaucratic leader should possess. The style can be rather difficult to master. Although the focus is on performance and not the individual, specific skills will help the bureaucratic leader to ensure the organisation follows the model and succeeds under this leadership style.