A romantic adventure novel, H. Rider Haggard’s King Solomon’s Mines was written at the height of British imperialism. The author wrote the novel mainly as a representation of relationships between British colonizers and the colonized Africans, but in doing so, he depicts and reinforces British expectations, beliefs, and most importantly, fears held during this time. Colonist ideology states that the world and its occupants are either the colonizers or the colonized. From this perspective, it is evident that everything is either black or white, with ideally no room for any gray areas. One example of this division is the colonial practice of “othering.” In Using Critical Theory, Lois Tyson explains that “one of the clearest symptoms of colonist ideology is the practice of othering: judging those who are different as inferior” (248). Here, the European colonizers become the “self” and the colonized natives become the “other.” The other is seen as “unintelligent,” “savage,” and “primitive,” or everything the civilized colonists are not (Tyson 248). As a result, colonial subjects are placed on the bottom rung of social hierarchy and regarded as such. Visibly, the act of othering is a binary structure, where the colonizer and the colonized, are organized “into the Manichean categories of good and evil,” as explained in Post-Colonial Studies (Ashcroft et al. 134). Once again, it is important to note that there is no middle ground between good and evil; colonists are the embodiment
In addition to this, is necessary to understand that white supremacy is deeply connected to the process of colonization, and these two concepts configured a unique social context in which the identities of the indigenous and Afro-descendant populations were diminished, and their humanity were denied as a part of this process.
In The Colonizer and the Colonized, Albert Memmi’s essential argument is that the collapse of colonialism is inevitable. According to Memmi, there are only two answers for the colonized to disrupt the system of oppression. The two possible “solutions” are assimilation and revolt. In response to the marginalization of the colonized, both answers carry a high price. In Memmi’s eyes, neither will work in the end. The first of two answers on the road to collapsing colonization is assimilation. Imitation and compromise are not the answer to decolonizing, for neither the colonized nor the colonizer.
Colonialism is an ongoing practice that is marginalizing indigenous communities because of their race, class, gender, and sexuality. Qwo-li Driskill et al quoted Rayna Green claiming “that colonial discourses represent Native women as sexually available for white men’s pleasure” (34). From their first contact the Europeans through to the present day, Aboriginal, Indigenous, and First Nations women have been categorized and seen as Other. Sarah Hunt employs in her analysis a form of postcolonial critique used by Edward Said, who argues in Orientalism (1978) that there exist constructs of false assumptions underlying Western attitudes towards racialized others, including Indigenous groups, rooted in Eurocentric prejudice, serving as an implicit
The authors explain that colonialism is built upon relationships between settlers, natives, and slaves, and that these types of relationships still exist; especially among those who still have the desire to resettle, reoccupy and reinhabitate (page 11).
Throughout history, we see various forms of colonialism that have happened in the world. Multiple groups of people were affected by this act of colonizing. An example of the groups that were affected would include the Cherokees and the Mayans. Both of these groups of people experienced colonialism in similar ways, either by adaptation or resistance nevertheless they still had their differences.
Sociology explains the creation of "The Other" as a necessary component to facilitate justification for the exploitation of said "other", whether for economic gains or purely for sadistic actions enacted upon the aforementioned. A major aspect needed to formulate the concept of "The Other" is the degradation of "The Other" to further or sever all sentimental or emotional ties to "The Other". The idea of "The Other" would prove to be the foundation of "scientific" racial ideology, or racism, which categorizes human superiority by race. The rise "scientific" racism and Social Darwinism during the advent of New Imperialism gave European empire builders self-justification to conquer and exploit the Congo. These racial ideologies covered any moral objections against the colonization of the Congo and other regions of Africa, showcasing the
In history, colonization was a truly popular tradition practiced by great and powerful empires in order to extract and retrieve all materials necessary to support their homeland. However, in order to achieve such sense of commerce and well-being, those colonists who had the power, had to colonize weaker and far less advanced societies. Great powers such as Britain and France would then travel to these societies and implement their rule in order to gain prosperity. Some, those who benefited from colonization, felt that the practice of colonization was an obligation to better the “uncivilized,” societies and help them advance, but the emotional and physical hurt that came from colonizing outweighed the positive aspects. The intention was good, but the manner in which colonization was carried out was poor. This topic is immensely controversial that pieces such as Kipling’s poem, “A White Man’s Burden,” and Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart,” have been written in order to support or go against colonization. But despite much debate, colonization has been a tradition that has caused those regions being colonized much struggle and negativity.
Colonized people across the globe were the ones responsible for their own destiny as they pushed for their independence from controlling empires. In the 1850’s to the 1900’s, there were many powerful countries, particularly in Europe, Asia and Africa that ruled through their colonial empires. This control was important as mother countries benefitted from their colony’s raw materials and labor. It didn’t take long for populations in these colonies to feel used as they started to realize that they had no control in the land where they lived. Groups started to develope, lead by the elite and upper class, looking for change.
Settler Colonialism imposes heteropatriarchy which is asocial framework in which heterosexuality and patriarchy are seen as ordinary, and natural, and in which different configurations are perceived as unusual, deviant, and offensive.
In American Colonies, Alan Taylor argues that the story of American colonization has been overly exclusive and biased.[ Taylor,
I enjoyed your post. You mentioned a point that I did not think about. However, I can see where Solomon was coming from. He had been aware of slavery because it was something his father educated him on, but he had also experienced the cruelty of slavery for himself. He was taken from his home as a free man and was almost immediately thrown into the world of bondage. He was beaten by a slave trader within his first day awake on the boat and knew that he may receive the same foul treatment again. So, when he was sold to Ford, a more gentle slave owner, he was relieved and worked as hard as he could for him.
Rider Haggard, also corresponded directly with Budge. Haggard wrote King Solomon's Mines (1885), a novel that tells of a group of adventurers searching in an unknown part of Africa for one of the member’s missing brother. The novel could be seen as having colonialist themes, due to the uncomfortable exchanges between white and black characters. Not only that, there are also references to curses in this novel. Though the stories were different, Sands-O'Connor, a British literary critic, talks about some of their shared similarities.
Because it is a systematic negation of the other person and a furious determination to deny the other person all attributes of humanity, colonialism forces the people it dominates to ask themselves the question constantly: "In reality, who am I?" (The Wretched of the Earth 250)
If prompted with the question what is colonization and or how did Europe and America colonize different countries and peoples the answer might be as simple as: it was the process of taking land from other countries and pushing to change the peoples of those countries towards western ways. This answer is to simple, a lot of people do not know the motives behind colonizing another country. Even though the motives behind colonizing another country depend on the time and location of the colonizing, Europe and America have always set above every other country around the world. They title themselves as being superior to all others. Thus, a lot of countries bought into the western ways and believe Westerners to be “demigod”. In Michael Adas essay, Contested Hegemony: The Great War and the Afro-Asian Assault on the Civilizing-Mission, even though the focus is on the ups and downs of colonization in Asia and Africa. The essay looks at the motives behind colonizing these peoples, why some bought into the idea and how World War One changed everything for Europe, Asia and Africa in terms of colonization.
After living a certain lifestyle for an extended period of time, a sudden change in lifestyle abnormally envelops not only a society as a whole, but the individuals who live in that society. The psychological state of the indigenous people worsens due to the forced ideas of the colonizers mixing with their own, which can cause a rift in their thinking. A decision has to be made eventually; however, the colonizer typically tries his hardest to prevent them from making what he believes is the “wrong” decision. Although the colonizer appears to be helping the indigenous people, his true intentions are all but innocent. Due to their technological disadvantages, the colonizers have an advantage over the indigenous people, causing the previous existing people to feel undermined. Even after the colonizers leave, the colonized people continue to bear the scars left behind by the colonizers, as stated by Hayes who argues that, “Post Colonial Theory recognizes the trauma resulting from the alienation of indigenous people from their own land, even after achieving independence” (Hayes). Colonization leaves behind permanent psychological damage, even long after independence has been obtained.