6.1 Concepts of Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) Empirical research on sustainable livelihoods (Carney et al., 1999; F. Ellis, 1998; I Scoones et al., 1996 ; Singh & Kalala, 1995) places emphasis on alleviating poverty through the development and application of a sustainable livelihood framework (Chambers & Conway, 1992; Ellis, 1993; Krantz, 2001; I Scoones, 1998). These studies identified and characterised the under-developed or vulnerable households as crucial groups for the design and implementation of actions to improve their situation and reduce poverty. SLA has been applied in various settings of research and development (Carney, 1998; Carney et al., 1999; DFID, 1999; Ellis, 2000b). The concept of livelihoods has undergone considerable change over the last few decades and this has implications for the way in which we define, analyse and understand sustainable livelihood concepts. Sustainable Livelihood Approach There are varied definitions of sustainable livelihoods. Definition of livelihood from Oxford dictionary is “a means of securing the necessities of life”. But the commonly quoted definition is by Chambers and Conway (1992), “A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base.” Ireland (2004)
Many individuals all over the world are affected by poverty. In order to completely understand the cause, the effect, and the solution to ending poverty, we must first understand the meaning of poverty. Poverty is the condition where an individual’s basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (business dictionary). According to the World Bank Organization, poverty is also the lack of healthcare, education, information, and jobs. There are two general types of poverty: Absolute and Relative. Absolute poverty occurs when individuals cannot obtain adequate resources to support a minimum level of physical health. Relative poverty occurs when individuals do not
Poverty has many faces in different regions of the world. Poverty is not just the lack of money to buy food or cloth but it is intervened to our life’s in different ways. The video “living on One Dollar” I watched recently has made me to think about different aspects of poverty among Guatemalan people. The video show us the experiences of four students who came to live in Pena Blanca as part of the research. This video clearly explains that poverty is such a complex social issue and it is multifaceted. Living in poverty in Pena Blanca is totally different from poverty in our societies. In today’s
Poverty is a major global issue in today’s society. It also has a broad definition as it is very complex and cannot be specifically defined. Poverty is circumstance-dependent. According to Sharif Mohammed, author of Poverty Reduction - An Effective Means of Population Control, “Poverty is a multidimensional condition of human survival, not just a measure of deficiency in income. It is generally defined in relation to a minimum standard of decent living. The levels of living below this are referred to as survival standards. Failure to attain and enjoy the standard is called absolute poverty.” Millions around the world are affected by poverty and it’s an issue that has plagued the globe for centuries. Different
The most commonly used definition of sustainable development is still that given in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (1987), i.e. sustainable development is ‘a process to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’ Sustainable development is therefore about creating a better life for all people in ways that will be as viable in the future as they are at present. In other words, sustainable development is based on principles of sound husbandry of the world’s resources, and on equity in the way those resources are used and in the way in which the benefits obtained from them are distributed (Making Tourism More Sustainable, 2005).
Families who reside in small agricultural villages in Jinotega, Nicaragua face an abundance of issues and struggles. Many families experience losses of loved ones from lack of clean and fresh resources and face many hardships throughout their everyday life. Nicaraguans experience a lack of fresh water, technology, and are forced to rely on the land, creating a difficult life filled with an abundance of hard work. The lack of freshwater, technology, and need to rely on the land contributes greatly to the country’s poverty. The signs of poverty are everywhere, especially in small farming communities such as Puertas Azules. Poverty, in Nicaragua, manifests itself through the poor living conditions and the shortage of everyday necessities. At first, by looking at the beautiful scenery of Nicaragua, it seems like a tropical paradise, but in reality living here creates a difficult lifestyle filled with many hardships.
Poverty is a complex societal issue, no matter how it is defined, it can be agreed that it is an issue that requires everybody’s attention. There are two types of poverty: absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute is the deprivation of basic human needs such as food, shelter, clean drinking water, etc. It is measured in relation to the poverty line and serves as a minimum standard below which no one should fall regardless of where they live. Relative poverty on the other hand, is more country specific and is defined as not being able to afford the goods and services needed to fully participate in mainstream society.
So what is sustainability? It is the quality of not being harmful to the environment or depleting natural resources, and thereby supporting long-term ecological balance.
This article provides me with some causes of poverty and some strategies needed to reduce poverty along with unemployment in the Native population. The author uses statistics and studies made on the native populations, therefore I consider this source as a quantitative
The idea of self-sufficiency program is an indication of a substantially improved poverty issue. Other issues that cause poverty being addressed by the organizations are poor governance, corruption, human rights, environmental degradation and unemployment. Important to note is that the factors leading to poverty do not apply to all the persons and are characterized with inclination. In this case, it is the less powerful in society who are
Through exploring the writings of What is poverty and A Women on the Street, poverty is defined in many different ways. The struggle that comes with poverty is evident in the everyday life of people who are living in poverty. Some of the hardships resulting from poverty are the worries of everyday life. As if the worries of everyday life were not enough while someone is not poor, being poor brings out new worries. The worries that can come from poverty include, where the next meal will come from or the health care that a person may need when they are ill. The hardships of poverty can be a result of: laziness, expense problems, and choices that have affected the past, present, and future of those who are living in poverty.
Poverty is an expanding problem with approximately half of the world's population living on less than $2.50 a day. Women Thrive is a project that invests in women farmers such as contributing information, land rights, organizing support, time-savings systems and improved access to public-private partnerships. This program not only benefits women and their families economically, but also expands overall global crop production. Women will concur poverty because if they acquire resources, crop production will surge, with provided education they could help the world more with superior jobs and they will use the assets they receive to better their societies. Women can lift themselves from poverty and can feed the world; they
Sustainable development is defined as “Development that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (IISD, par. 1 ).
When I was five years old I began school. In Kindergarden we learned basic things like letters, numbers, and how not to be fully engulfed in flames. For some reason, 2004 was the height of anti-fire education in Missouri and before I knew how to tie my shoes I knew that if I ever was ablaze, to cover my face, fall to my knees, and roll back and fourth. This is what my institution placed serious value upon and because I was a student of that institution I also placed serious value upon it. The same idea must be applied to a university's teaching of environmental sustainability. This is discussed in David Orr's "What is Education For?" Through choosing a curriculum a university chooses what it places value onto, by making the environment a priority it showcases to the future generations that environmental wellness is an important responsibility for them to take ownership.
The Tangible resources are productive income assets (e.g., land, orchards, gardens), housing, livestock fencing and pens, and preventive assets (e.g., water and food storage containers, latrine, water filters, tools for the disposal of animal and human feces, soap). These tangible resources are relevant to children’s vulnerability. First, income is a critical factor that enhances higher capacity of low-frequency households to make investments in living arrangements. However, women in families with low socioeconomic status found themselves in a double-blind, lacking both the land to meet fuelwood and food requirements and the income to improve better housing, family hygiene, sanitation, etc. High-frequency households are families living in impoverished
Amartya Sen presented a path breaking argument for the measurement of poverty. Capability school of thought presented a multi dimensional approach for the measurement of poverty. According to his capability theory, it is not having the capability that causes and brings about poverty. For instance, he suggests that urban poor are deprived because they do not have the capacity to produce adequate incomes to consumer adequate food and nutrition and to make informed decisions and act in such a way that would ameliorate their living standards. Therefore, following Sen’s capability theory, the important elements in describing the urban poverty entail, one’s health, gender, ethnic status, nutritional and educational (Sen, 1992).