Chapter 2: Literature Review The conceptual framework for this research is based on studies conducted over periods of 6 months to 6 years, the strength of evidence is high that school-based diet and physical activity interventions with a home component or school based combination interventions with a home component prevent obesity or overweight (Wang, 2005). The strength of evidence is moderate that school-based interventions contribute to obesity prevention (Sharma, 2012). The strength of evidence is moderate that school-based diet or physical activity interventions with either home components using a combination intervention contribute to obesity prevention. According to Sharma (2012), evidence is either low or insufficient regarding …show more content…
Parents want to help their children avoid obesity but feel constrained in their ability to take action. Families face several barriers to healthy lifestyles at home, in schools, and throughout their communities. Majority are not aware of additional intervention programs at schools or are embarrassed to ask for help. According to recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for children and adolescents between the ages of 2 and 19 years, obesity is defined as having a BMI at or above the 95th percentile of children of the same age and sex while being overweight is defined as being at or above the 85th percentile (CDC, 2014). The increasing proportion of young people failing into this category is taking on the characteristics of a pandemic and as such is triggering discussion and action in an effort to reverse obesity trends. The role of various stakeholders in these efforts have been explicated by the literature. According to the CDC (2014), there has been significant research completed on how parents, teachers and the external school environment impact the dietary habits of young people. However, although there has been a great deal of focus on steps that these groups can take to improve the eating habits of young people, there is a lack of integrative work examining potential mediating cognitive mechanisms in parental involvement as it relates to school programs. In the following section, the research in these areas is examined and
1. Why does the Indian classical tradition dominate the musical image of South Asia in the west?
Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. More than one third of children are overweight. This figure is increasing rapidly. This epidemic puts children at risk for various health problems such as type two diabetes and heart problems. Although they are several risk factors for obesity, parents play a significant role in this issue. This paper will look into how parents are influential to their children, how they contribute to this problem and how they may help fight the fight against obesity. Obesity is a very serious problem and there are solutions that parents can apply to help their children lead a healthy lifestyle. Obesity does not only affect a person physically, but mentally and psychologically as well.
Obesity is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in our bodies. This disease is increasing at an alarming rate in American children and adolescents, especially those within the ages 2 to 19. This essay examines the difference between school-based interventions (i.e., educate our children about obesity at an early age, serving right nutrition in schools) and community based interventions (i.e., parents help provide better nutrition for their children) to prevent obesity. Both interventions can help decrease obesity rates in children, but the point of this essay review is to point out which interventions will provide the better results to solve the childhood obesity epidemic in the United States.
(After noting that electricity passing through a conductor produces a glowing red or white heat, Edison imagined using this light for pratical uses. )
In this chapter, as in many other chapters, he intersperses short sentences into his narrative. In fact, some of his paragraphs in this chapter are only 1 sentence long. What kind of information is conveyed in these short paragraphs?
Ecosystem management takes an integrated view of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, integrates ecological concepts at a variety of spatial scales, incorporates the perspectives of landscape ecology so that the range of possible landscapes in an ecosystem is recognized and preserved, and is an evolving paradigm incorporating the objective of ecological sustainability.
In the United States alone children’s health is rapidly deteriorating. Since the early 1980’s childhood obesity in America has skyrocketed, leaving overweight children in danger. While obesity is defined as the condition of being very fat or overweight. One third of children “qualify as obese” (Davies), and meet the criteria to be labeled as “overweight as a result of poor eating habits, and a minimal amount of physical exercise. However, the lack of knowledge parents possess surrounding childhood obesity is determent to youngster future. When dealing with such an austere problem as obesity, parents should become more knowledgeable, supportive, and increase family activities to diminish childhood obesity.
School lunches, curriculum focus, and daily activities have changed in elementary schools over the years. The nutritional value in school lunches often meet a bare minimum. Curriculum is focused strongly on idealistic future careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; but often forget teaching basic healthy habits needed for lifelong health. Physical education is no longer required every single day. Obesity has become an epidemic and not just for adults, it is increasingly affecting children as well. Children spend a generous amount of time in the classroom. They spend more time in school than at home or anywhere else. Therefore, schools have a responsibility in preventing obesity in adolescents by teaching them healthy habits, serving them nutritious food, and providing them with adequate physical activity.
It is important for pre-adulthood intervention because prevention of overweight and obesity in early childhood can in the long run, attenuate the high prevalence of excessive weight among older adults. (Moreno, L) With the assistance of specific health programs and initiatives schools are able to best assist, guide and support students with their dietary patterns and nutritional choices, thus addressing some of the factors effecting adolescent obesity. Two intervention programs/initiatives that can be, and have been, incorporated well into schools are:
Childhood obesity has placed the health of an entire generation at risk. Obesity in America is a big problem that has been growing over the years. “An estimated 12.5 million children between the ages of 2 and 19 are obese, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention” (Loop 2015). As the number of children being affected keeps growing, parents or guardians do not change the habits that lead their children to become obese. “Among children today, obesity is causing a broad range of health problems that previously weren’t seen until adulthood” (American Heart Association, 2014). Not only is obesity causing health problems more than before, but it also causing a big problem in America. More and more children every year become obese and it keeps growing. Even though some people believe the lifestyle of a person is not to blame for the childhood obesity problem in America, the technology, the parenting style , and the media of the outside world are huge factors that contribute to childhood obesity.
A problem that is plaguing America and needs to be addressed with a policy change in school systems across the country is obesity. Obesity in America has been declared an epidemic, and the most alarming rates of obesity exist in younger demographics, which generally dictate that these children will continue into adulthood as obese adults (Jacobson, Kim, & Tortolero, 2009). This will add to the massive costs to society that obesity contributes from loss of employee hours to hospital care from the many diseases that are developed as a result of obesity. Therefore, this issue needs to be addressed early in life with school-aged children as it is far more difficult to stop obese adults from engaging in negative behavior that facilitates or worsens their obesity while legislative action can be taken to develop rules and regulations that can be implemented in school districts across the country.
Once parents realize that their child has reached a certain weight they now feel as it is time to step in. In order to make the situation better they tell them that what they were consuming before is now not healthy enough for their bodies to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Their parents have now confused them on what is actually right and wrong. Growing up they thought that these types of foods were okay, and now their parents decide to tell them that they are not okay after they notice that it is becoming a problem. Though, the creation of an obese child could have been prevented through educational efforts to implement a nutrition class. But, without a nutritional class, most perceive the next logical step to be a diet. Children do not need to go on diets. According to Yoni Freedhoff, there is no safe diet for children (Freedhoff). When parents place their kids on a diet it can create more harm than it can potentially help them. They do not need to step into a Weight Watchers program in order to learn what foods are good for them and what foods they need to stay away from. Rather, they need to be progressively taught about nutrition. All of the previous stated solutions are tainted; they are all reactive solutions. A school wide nutrition class would be proactive and eliminate obesity from occurring in the first place. Without proactive measures and simply reacting, it can come back around to the parents, the ones that have too not been educated in
The rate of childhood obesity has grown an enormous amount over the years with more than 40 million children being overweight! That number is astonishingly high and it is very obvious that something needs to be done about this. Studies had shown in 2008 that more than 40 million children were said to be overweight and the sad truth is that they are still increasing rapidly to this day; also every 1 in 4 teenagers is said to not reach the fitness guidelines (Tanner) according to an article by Lindsey Tanner. For this problem to be resolved not only do the parents of children need to make sure their kids are staying active but also, the schools they attend need to make sure they are getting a well-balanced meal and have some type of physical activity during their school day. Each state in America is given a percentage rate on the number of obese people in that particular state. The highest ranking state is Mississippi with a percentage of 34.9 and the state ranking the least is Connecticut with 24.5 percent. Different researches have shown that each day 850 lives are taken due to obesity and each year there are more than 300,000 people that die from obesity related illnesses. These are deaths that most likely could have been avoided if these individuals would have had the proper exercise and diet in their lives.
Childhood obesity is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. In 2013, the number of overweight children under the age of five was estimated over 42 million. Childhood obesity can cause premature death and disability in adulthood. Overweight and obese children will grow up to become obese adults and are more likely to develop diseases like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at a younger age. Many factors can contribute overweight and obesity in children, however a global shift in dietary habits and lack of physical activity play a crucial role. Overweight and obesity are preventable. Unlike adults, children cannot select the environment they live or the food they eat, they are unware about the long term health consequences of their behavior. Therefore, it is important to have strict policies for the prevention of obesity epidemic. School play an important role in fighting against the epidemic of childhood obesity (World Health Organization, 2016). Even after the legislature has enacted laws to support school nutrition and physical education, many states including, Texas has not yet adopted these policies. It is important to have these policies in practice to prevent childhood obesity (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014). Government play an important role in making sustainable changes in public health. For that reason, the author is intended to
Even with measures in place, obesity continues to increase and now not only affects the adult population but is epidemic portion in our children. America’s rise in childhood obesity is a major health concern. Researchers have examined the attitudes of parents in regard to the health of their children. They found there is a gap in parental perceptions of school resources and what is actually available to help manage their child’s healthy eating habits. The purpose of this case study was to establish the degree of parental perceptions and the use of school resources and to investigate the insights and experiences of participants to help define factors that influence their attitudes. In Phase I, qualitative data were collected through an interview