Ways To Prevent Conflict Essay

. One factor that creates cultural difference is India’s nine religions. Ancient India consisted of three religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. All three ancient religions are part of the nine religions today. Statistics have shown that 827 million (80.5%) have returned themselves as followers of Hindu religion, 138 million (13.4%) as Muslims or the followers of Islam, 24 million (2.3%) as Christians, 19 million (1.9%) as Sikh, 8 million (0.80%) as Buddhists and 4 million (0.4%) are Jain (Religion). I don’t

During the Mughal era, the process of converting of Hindus to Islam started (Stearns 32). It should be emphasized that this process appeared when the Delhi sultans were reigning. In spite of the fact that a substantial portion of the Indian peasantry decided to remain Hindu, most of the urban dwellers, lower-caste Hindus and residents of some regions, for example, east Bengal, without any compulsions, accepted the faith of the Mughal sultans (Stearns 32). Nonetheless, according to the article of Peter Stearns, there was a reason why some people converted to Islam; it was because of the political and economic pressures that rendered by the Mughal conquerors (32). Due to these conversions from Hinduism to Islam, the religious map of India was substantially changed (Stearns

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

n. During the freedom movement, Muslims and Hindus fought against each other. There were arguments over whether India should be a secular state or a Hindu state in its times of Independence.

(Document 5) This shows that even though Britain gave education to Indians they only gave it to who could afford it and hardly anyone could. Lalvani claims that over the 200 year span of British imperialism, India’s religions felt safer and less discriminated against. ( According to Dr.Lalvani) Although the British thought this was true it actually was not. Christians were mocking and discriminating against Muslims and Hindus. (Gandhi) Similarly Hinduism believes in nonviolence so when the protest at Amritsar took place the Indians were brutally slaughtered while being unarmed. (Gandhi) Because of their non-violence beliefs the Hindus had no defense and were killed by what they thought was their

5) Religion is such a common factor of territorial conflict that people sometimes outright say that religion is sometimes the main cause. Religion has caused much territorial conflict from the Crusades hundreds of years ago to extreme tensions today. For example, the conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir stems from the fact that the ethnic minority of the area claimed by India is Muslim, and Pakistan is a heavily Muslim-majority country. In addition, Israel uses religious reasoning in order to justify the possession of the Gaza Strip and Jerusalem from the people who were already living there.

The major issues and events that led the American colonies to declare their independence from Britain in 1776 was the start of it all in 1763 when the French and Indian war also known as the seven years’ war ended and that is extremely important because it led to very unhappy colonists because the British were broke. The French and Indian war was fought between the British and French on American soil and the British felt the colonists should pay them back for protecting them, The colonists majority of them being British were more than happy to assist in paying for the war but it was important that they be represented in the decision making regarding how payments would be made (taxation without representation), Obviously that did not happen. British imposed high taxes on the colonies without allowing them to represent themselves which that of course made the colonists very unhappy which some of the taxes was the sugar act (revenue-raising act), stamp act (required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used.), tea act (was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain.), Townshend act (Taxes on glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea). On April 5th, 1764 the sugar act also called the plantation act or revenue act was the first act to happen and the sugar act imposed higher taxes and duties on sugar imported from the West Indies. On September 1st, 1775 Parliament passed the Currency Act, successfully assuming control of the colonial currency system. The act

Historically, India was under British rule until 1950. Many people in India felt that during British rule they were powerless (Beteille, 2010). All of the problems in the country were blamed on this helplessness (Beteille, 2010). When India became independent and developed its own constitution, a large amount of emphasis was placed on the role of government in solving social problems (Beteille, 2010). During British rule, many customs and practices in India were based on the Hindu religion (Beteille, 2010). The British left those in place, neither making them unlawful nor supporting them (Beteille, 2010). When the new government was established, the caste system that had so sharply defined India was declared unlawful (Beteille, 2010). While this was a step in the

During the mid-1700’s, British American Colonists were questioning their place under the British crown. The Colonists were proud to be part of the British Empire, especially after the recent victories of the French and Indian war, which gave the colonist a sense of pride and patriotism. However, British Parliament began to pass legislation that had laid a burden on the Colonists, as well as oppression. The Colonists began to question the power of the Crown, whether the idea of a Monarchy was a primitive style of government. They believed officers passing/enforcing laws were neglecting the authority of the King, which lead some radical Whigs to accuse the King of being an incompetent enforcer of human rights. Bridges built between the colonist and the mother country were beginning to deteriorate as colonist began to realize that the King was not concerned about the interests and concerns of the colonies. This would eventually lead to protests and a movement to establish a government that was influenced by the people of the colonies and not by civilians of the mother country.

In the seventeenth century, war between the Indians and the Europeans was common. In 1622, a group of European vigilantes were frustrated when the Indians tried to wipe out the colony of Jamestown and they destroyed the Indians of Pamunkey. There were intermittent warfare which plagued New York. Subsequent attacks on English settlements in New England by Indians in 1675-1676 led to a concerted reaction from the confederation of New England. Using the scorched-earth policy and Indian auxiliaries, Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and Nipmucks were nearly exterminated by the colonists (Schake, 2013). The imperial rivalry among England, Spain and France has Indians as the key factor. The French employed Mohawk and Abnaki

Because government as well as their neighbour were against them. Both these powers wants to reduce the population of Muslims in state. Over 32 million Muslims lost their property. This approach was totally power based. Mostly political power was used in this massacre. Hindu wanted to boycott the Muslims. It is kind of war against both the religion which resulted murders, rapes, homelessness and destroyed the property.

Gandhi was really concerned about the increasing divisions between the Hindu and Muslim's. He tried as much he could to prevent the partition between the Hindu and Muslim's. However the amount of success he had been trough this was very different and he did not achieve what he wanted. He was very disappointed about the separation between the Hindu and Muslim's. To prevent the

India is a secular country, it is secular not by immigration but by mixing of races/religions. India is primarily a Hindu based country. With the invasion of Persians, Romans, Greeks, Europeans during its course of history, it stands today a as culmination of many religions. Present Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan were once a part of India. Due to mixing of races the

The Partition of India in August, 1947 was a significant event in history that accounted for the separation of one of the world’s oldest civilization into two, independent nations – Pakistan and India. Like many other wars in history, The Partition of India was instigated by religious, political and social conflict. This resulted in violence, discrimination and the largest human displacement in contemporary history. While the Partition was well-studied, much of our understanding was focused on the political side of history, not the human side of it. This was why oral history played an important role in manifesting the complexity of a historical event. Our focus here is Maya Rani’s testimony from Butalia’s book, The Other Side of Silence:

Civil violence, often representing ethnic, religious or racial conflict has been rising through the past half-century (Gleditsch et al. 2002), but we still have only a limited understanding of its causes. While there is considerable evidence that the outbreak of civil conflict results from poverty (e.g. Miguel et al. 2004; Bohlken and Sergenti 2010; Do and Iyer, 2010), the evidence on other potential causes including the importance of social divisions and political grievances is more controversial (Blattman and Miguel, 2010: p.45). This paper examines Hindu-Muslim violence in India. Muslims constitute India’s largest religious minority, and the observed patterns of Hindu-Muslim violence suggest that Muslims are more likely to have been the victims of such violence (Mitra and Ray, 2010). Since Muslims are also under-represented in elected office (constituting only 5% of members in the national legislature in 2009, down from nearly 9% in 1980), we investigate whether increasing Muslim political representation lowers the incidence of religious conflict. We put together unique data on both the religious identity of politicians and religious conflict for the period 1960-2007, merged at the state and the district level. We account for the potential endogeneity of Muslim representation by instrumenting the share of Muslim legislators with the share of Muslim legislators who win in close elections against Hindus (a strategy similar to that implemented by Lee, 2001 and Clots-Figuer