Continuity Irish Republican Army

French political leader Charles de Gaulle said that “nationalism is when hate for people other than your own comes first,” by this definition turning points in Irish Nationalism can be seen not as what changed as in regards love for Ireland, but what changed hatred for the English withinin Ireland. There are numerous significant turning points in Irish Nationalism; it could be argued that The Great Famine is the largest turning point in Irish Nationalism as it encouraged independence through means of violence as well as cementing a deep-rooted hatred of the English in Ireland. Equally, the failure of the First Home Rule Bill can be maintained as the largest turning point as it led to the decline of the liberals, Charles Stuart Parnell and constitutional nationalism. Alternatively, The First World War can be judged as the prime turning point, mainly due to its short term affects. It split the nationalists, which led to the Easter rising, and increased agitation over Home Rule.

Mark Twain described a group of conspirators known as the “Majestic Clan”. The clan carried out John Murrell’s plans, meeting in the woods of Mississippi. “ In its great hollow, that John A. Murrell and his Clansmen met in grand council, and formed their dark plots, and concocted their hellish plans.”(Walker 97). He was convicted of slave stealing and sentenced to serve ten years in prison. The importance of this quote demonstrates the concept of stealing which is connected to my research paper about the Shergar conspiracy. Murrell not only held his own organization, but was a thief just like the IRA stealing Shergar. There is a distinct connection here between the Majestic Clan and the IRA both being secrecy organizations, but specifically

The book, “The Irish Way” by James R. Barrett is a masterpiece written to describe the life of Irish immigrants who went to start new lives in America after conditions at home became un-accommodative. Widespread insecurity, callous English colonizers and the ghost of great famine still lingering on and on in their lives, made this ethnic group be convinced that home was longer a home anymore. They descended in United States of America in large numbers. James R. Barrett in his book notes that these people were the first group of immigrants to settle in America. According to him, there were a number of several ethnic groups that have arrived in America. It was, however, the mass exodus of Irish people during and after the great

The purpose of my paper is to show how the Scotch-Irish culture came to be in the United States. There were several things that led the Scotch-Irish to make the perilous journey across the Atlantic Ocean to America including famine and high rents. It is estimated that 40-55,000 Scotch Irish arrived in America from 1763 to 1775. (Everyculture) The Scotch-Irish is one of the strongest cultures in the United States and their influence has been generous.

Unlike presidents, state governors tend to fade in the memories of citizens. Overtime, despite many accomplishments and two terms, John Ireland has joined the long-lost list of forgotten governors. The mention of his name fails to incite anything but blank expressions from Texas citizens. In light of his influence on one of Texas ' most famed buildings, it might seem as though his name might ring a couple of bells, but no such luck. Clearly, John Ireland has been forgotten for too long. What did this man do for Texas and why should he be remembered? Time to find out.

The Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA) is a splinter group of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) that uses sabotage, subversion, and guerilla warfare to express its opposition to the terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. This agreement basically recognized that the majority of the people within Northern Ireland wished to remain a part of the United Kingdom. It also recognized that a large section of the people of Northern Ireland, and the majority of the people of the continent of Ireland wanted a united Ireland. For the most part, the Good Friday Agreement brought an end to the struggle between unionists and nationalists during the “Troubles” (an unconventional war spanning from 1968-1998 in Northern Ireland between British security forces, republican and loyalist paramilitaries, and civil rights groups). To understand how the RIRA came to be, you have to know a little about the history of the IRA. Specifically, on how the members regarded violence as a means to a unified Ireland without British involvement. “In December 1969, the IRA divided into “Official” and “Provisional” wings. Both factions were committed to a united Irish republic, but the Officials eschewed violence after 1972, whereas the Provisionals, or “Provos,” carried out various attacks and assassinations, attempting to compel the British Army to withdraw from Northern Ireland. In the wake of the Bloody Sunday shootings by the British military in January 1972, the Provos’ ranks

IRA activities have included bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, punishment beatings, extortion, smuggling, and robberies and just overall killing. the group had operated bombing campaigns on various targets in North Ireland and Britain, including senior British officials, civilians, police, and British military targets. The IRA is believed to continue to conduct paramilitary operations. The IRA were not just

In August 1998 the IRA claimed responsibility for a car bomb which killed 28 and injured 220 in the Northern Irish Town of Omagh. The bombing was the worst terrorist activity in nearly three decades for Ireland. While claiming responsibility for the blast an IRA representative anonymously told an Irish newspaper “Despite media reports, it was not our intention at any time to kill any civilians. It was a commercial target, part of the ongoing war against the Brits. We offer our apologies to the civilians,”

By the late 1960s, Italy had suffered through World War II. It had seen the Vietnam War unfold before them. Furthermore, it had experienced a dramatic urbanization from an agrarian society to an urban one. Such a shift precipitated the appeal for communism. Into this complicated political and socio-economic arena came the Red Brigades. The Red Brigades were an Italian terrorist organization with a strong emphasis on Marxism. Founded in 1969 by radical left-leaning students Renato Curcio and his wife Mara Cagol, the Red Brigades began a reign of terror that . In order to fully assess the impact of the Red Brigades in Italy, it is necessary to answer a central question: why were the Red Brigades so violent? The Red Brigades had ties to

The group predominantly participates in bombings, especially car bombs; however, the U.S. Department of State says they have also been involved in robberies and assassinations. Their targets include the police in Northern Ireland, Protestant communities in Northern Ireland, the British military, and civilians, according to the State Department. There is a good deal of conflicting information regarding the number of attacks committed by the Real IRA. According to the MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base, the rIRA have participated in 29 total incidents, while the State Department says that there have been more than 80 attacks since 1999.

The National Liberation Army (ELN) was established July, 4th 1964 by college students and a group of radical, Catholic clergy that were inspired by the revolution that took place in Cuba (Stanford, 2012). Since its inception, the ELN have had an ongoing rivalry with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC), due to a constant power struggle between the two groups.

20. Sir William Harcourt established the first counter terrorism unit ever. He did that in response to the escalating terror campaign in Britain which is done by Militant Irish Fenians. Special Irish branch was established in 1883 as one of the sections in criminal investigation department of London. It is formed to combat Irish republican terrorism through infiltration and subversion.

Austria is 69th in rank of global terrorism; the lower the rank, the higher impact from terrorism. With the lowest, Poland and Slovakia both have had no terrorist incidents. The CCC is known as the Communist Combatant Cells, they are a terrorist organization with communist ideals that was only active for around two years. This organization focused on bombings on capitalist property and assets rather than the destruction of people. During only 2 years, they had 20 successful attacks. Their group was thankfully shut down when their leader Pierre Carette was arrested and convicted of murder. Germany has an extensive history of terrorism since the end of the First World War. Denmark has had 36 events listed on the Global terrorist attacks.

The alleged origin of the Irish Republican Army could be traced back to the Easter Rising of 1916 (Alonso, 2001; Arena & Arrigo, 2004; Filardo-Llamas, 2013; Hart, 1997; Page & Smith, 2000). Radical nationalists, who were part of a group called the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), took the opportunity to take up arms against the British during the war in Europe (Filardo-Llamas, 2013). The Irish Republican Brotherhood was the precursor of the modern IRA. They were a secret society who was

In the 20th century, terrorism continued to be associated with a vast array of anarchist, socialist, fascist and nationalist groups, many of them engaged in ‘third world’