The Countdown to Humiliation Day
What began as a shortage in the Canadian labour market ended with one of the most revolting and atrocious displays of prejudice and discrimination against an entire country and culture of people. The events leading up to Humiliation Day brought forth a legalized intolerance that would leave an inescapable bruise on Canadian history.
South Asians have long since endured the brunt of intense prejudice at the hands of Canadians and the Canadian government. A most prevalent discrimination against the Chinese was seen in Western Canada, mainly British Columbia. In the mid 1800s, it was the general consensus among Canadians that South Asians could not become part of mainstream culture, nor did they belong
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They were despised and looked down upon by white Canadian workers. They were treated unfairly and given little to no recognition for their work or contributions to the project. They were grossly underpaid, receiving only half of the wage to that of their white counterparts and they were not in receipt of any type of social benefits.
The Canadian Pacific Railways saw its completion in November of 1885 as the last spike was driven in at Craigellachie, British Columbia. As domestic labourers and union confederates saw the end of the project drawing near they began to become outraged at the outsourcing of jobs once they reckoned that the extraneous work was over and the Chinese were no longer need. Workers rallied to have the Chinese removed from Canada and to limit future immigration.
Provincial and federal governments were met with pressures to control and discourage the flow of the Chinese and they responded on July 20, 1885 with the implementation of the Chinese Immigration Act. This Act imposed a $50 head tax that each Chinese person was forced pay in order to gain entry into Canada. Restrictions were also placed on Canadian citizens that were of Chinese descent. They were forced to pay a fee of fifty cents to register their status with local authorities and their travel was controlled and monitored by government officials. Small concessions were granted to a select few, such as
In 1896 to 1919 Canada was in a time of social change, this included racism, immigration, and other factors contributing. Immigrants came from all over the world, this included USA, Europe, and Asia. People from the Americas were looking to settle in big cities like Toronto because of the affordable electricity, which was part of Canada's urbanization and economic uprise. people in Europe settled in the prairies to farm, we wanted them because they were known to be hardy and could farm in harsh conditions. People from Asia were coming to Canada to work on the most treacherous parts of the railroad. There was plenty of discrimination against the Chinese people, this can be characterized by the head tax placed on the Chinese. It started at $50 and then went to
China living in Canada (male, female or kid) has to pay "$10" if coming to Canada via sea
to use slaves. Also in 1885 another act was created, this act taxed Chinese immigrants fifty dollars and
The Canadian Pacific Railway required a great amount of effort to construct. As a solution to this, the Canadian government brought Chinese men to work for them in British Columbia
In the early immigration, the Fraser River gold rush is perhaps the largest event. It was an overall positive event, and the Chinese were a large part of the business of the time. They were entrepreneurial and established themselves selling things that were important to the miners, importing goods, growing food, and building infrastructure. Stores similar to the Wong Toy & Co. one would’ve existed then. The head tax period was obviously dominated by the creation of the Chinese Head Tax, similar to other anti-Chinese taxes throughout the world. This was a major step backwards in Chinese Canadian history, and the backwards thinking of it all was best illustrated as they continued to immigrate along the very railroad they helped build. Canada
In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, and Alien Contract Labor Laws of 1885 and 1887 prohibited certain laborers from immigrating to the United States. " Immigration Act of 1882 levied a head tax of fifty cents on each
Once Canada had become a nation, people began to see it as a place of new beginnings and somewhere to make a life, new struggles immerged. Although Canada welcomed many white immigrants with open arms at the end of the 19th century, there were countless families from Asia and Latin America who faced numerous hardships. Decades with little or no rights in a foreign country where you were judged solely on the colour of your skin meant a life of hardship. These are obviously horrible acts the are inexcusable, and no amount of memorial days or apologies will ever be able to make up for the suffering that was endured. Luckily we now understand the errors of our earlier ways and have started to pass on that we must learn to accept one another. Our teachers are skilfully instructing the future generations
There was a great amount of people who wanted to help the refugees especially those with a German descent. Many thought that Canada should try and help as many Jewish refugees as they could because of how poorly they have been treated by their own country. Others thought that there was no excuse for Canada to refuse Jewish refugees to come because they were not asking for a lot. And others supported emigration of Jewish refugees because of how brutal their living conditions were in
Canada is presently known for welcoming many racial groups into the country. However, the Canadian government is not always giving out warm welcomes to different ethnicities. During World War Two, the country rejects many Japanese and Italians who are already Canadian. The treatment of the Japanese and Italians in the Second World War is very unjust. The two groups face being put into internment camps against their own will, the government separates families and force men to work on farms with little pay. The government of Canada also mistreat the Japanese and Italian Canadians because they are full of fear and superstition.
Often times, when it came to the discussion on equality within Canada, the actions of Canada were compared to those of the United States, and often times, a comment is made stating that the United States could learn from Canada’s example when it came to racial harmony. However, this idea was often criticized as the racial problems within Canada were just as severe. The respect and the livelihood of the First Nation were violated for years even before the start of the twentieth century. However, the issues of the First Nations were hardly ever brought to light by other Canadians because these issues were often hidden deep within the reserves that these First Nations were forced into. From taking their land away to disregarding their cultures, the government rarely ever acknowledged the needs of the First Nations until they could no longer be ignored. The government continuously stressed assimilation, especially with the Indian Act , and expected the First Nations
As a nation, Canada is known to the rest of the world for being thoughtful, polite, and generally very accepting of all ethnicities and people. However, the treatment of Canada’s Indigenous population, Japanese Canadians, African American and Indigenous slaves seems to suggest otherwise. Canada's dark past may not be talked about often, but there are three main events that targeted specific ethnic groups which still affect those people today. Residential Schools led to major negative cultural consequences, as well as psychological and sociological effects. Japanese-Canadian Internment Camps were used to strip Japanese Canadians of their rights because of the World War II bombing of Pearl Harbor. And finally, for two centuries slavery was legal in New France, and in Lower Canada under British rule. Human beings were being held captive and were owned by many people, including governors, bishops, military officers, priests, and blacksmiths. All of these terrible consequences can be accredited to Canada’s imperialistic policies.
Pierre Elliot Trudeau was arguably one of the most vivacious and charismatic Prime Ministers Canada has ever seen. He wore capes, dated celebrities and always wore a red rose boutonniere. He looked like a superhero, and often acted like one too. Some of the landmark occurrences in Canadian history all happened during the Trudeau era, such as patriating the constitution, creating the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the 1980 Quebec Referendum. However, it is Trudeau’s 1969 “white paper” and the Calder legal challenge which many consider to be one of his most influential contributions to Canadian history.
The transcontinental railroad was built by two major companies, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific. The Central Pacific company worked eastbound. They faced the treacherous terrain of the Rocky Mountains, landslides, and winter snowdrifts. Central Pacific would hire Chinese immigrants. These Chinese immigrants, “... made up 85 percent of the Central Pacific workforce.” (Holt McDougal,
After World War Two, Canada’s immigration policy changed. From World War Two to the 1960s, Canada’s immigration policy was restrictive and the government still favoured European and American immigrants because they were more likely to adapt to the Canadian society. The government did try to limit the number of other immigrants. By 1947, the Chinese Exclusion Act was revoked by the federal government. This was a step in the right direction to make Canada’s immigration policy to be more reasonable. By 1962, Canada removed regulations on immigrants from Africa, Asia and other countries. Under Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Canada’s immigration policy became “colour-blind”
The first measure restricting immigration enacted by Congress was a law in 1862 forbidding American vessels to transport Chinese immigrants to Canada; 20 years later Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act excluding Chinese immigrants. In 1875, 1882, and 1892, acts passed by Congress provided for the examination of immigrants and for the exclusion from Canada of convicts, polygamists, prostitutes, persons suffering from loathsome or contagious diseases, and persons liable to become public charges. The Alien Contract Labor Laws of 1885, 1887, 1888, and 1891 prohibited the immigration to Canada of persons entering the country to work under contracts made before their arrival; professional actors, artists, singers, lecturers, educators, ministers, and personal and domestic servants were exempt from this provision. Alien skilled laborers, under these laws, were permitted to enter Canada to work in new industries. A diplomatic agreement made in 1907 by Canada and Japan provided that the Japanese government would not issue passports to Japanese laborers intending to enter Canada; under the terms of this agreement, Canada government refrained until 1924 from enacting laws excluding Japanese immigrants.