The Decline in the Population of Wild Tigers (Panthera tigris)
Sherene Hall, ZOOL 215, Section 1, Spring 2015
Abstract
This paper reviews the causes of declining wild tiger populations. These populations have been rapidly declining in the last 100 years and of eight subspecies of tigers, only five are left. As an umbrella species, they are an important factor within their ecosystems, but poaching, prey depletion, and loss of habitat are pushing wild tigers towards extinction. There is little research on the consequences of allowing wild tigers to go extinct in terms of trophic cascade.
Introduction
In the last century, the population size of wild tigers has dropped (Wikramanayake et al, 2011), and tigers may soon go extinct altogether. Research has shown that poaching, prey depletion, and loss of habitat are causing tiger populations to decrease. In this paper I provide an overview of the current status of wild tigers, the reasons for decreasing tiger populations, and conclude with a suggestion for future research that will lead to a better understanding of the consequences of wild tiger extinction.
Status and Decline of Wild Tiger Populations
Wild tiger populations can be found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam. Of the eight original subspecies, three, the Bali, South Chinese, and Javan tigers, have gone extinct in the last 80 years. Dasgupta et al (2014) developed a resource-allocation model
The prices of tiger pelts continue to go on the rise because “as the destruction of tigers decrease supply, the price of their parts rises further, creating even greater incentives for poachers to kill the remaining animals” (Linden). These innocent animals are in danger in both unsecure and secure places. Poachers will not hesitate to go into zoos and kill an animal. Recently, zoo veterinarian Eric Miller talked about an incident that happened in France. Miller said, “we were shocked last week by the news that a white rhinoceros was killed when poachers entered Thoiry Zoo” (“A Critical Time for Saving Rhino Species”). The prolonged war against poaching is not promising for the future of some animal species. Animals are being driven to endangerment and even close to extinction. A recent extinction in the wild happens to be the white rhino. In 1960 white rhinos numbered more than 2000, but now they are extinct in the wild (Miller). The few white rhinos that are alive, in the world, are kept in areas such as zoos.
Tigers are amazing creatures that have gone through several evolutionary changes from the beginning of their species. A modern day tiger is most recognizable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on orange fur with a white underside. The largest modern day tiger in record was eleven feet tall and weighed 387 pounds. In the terms of science tigers are under the classification of roaring tigers and the scientific name of a tiger is Panthera tigris. But in order to learn about about the evolutionary changes of the tigers of today; it is important to look at the the core definition of evolution itself and the history of the adaptations that lead to the modern tiger. The adaptation of various ancestors shaped the outcome
In “The Stripes Will Survive” it states “ In 1981, the American Zoo and Aquarium association (AZA) started the Species Survival Plan (SSP) to make sure that threatened and endangered species don't disappear. The members of the Tiger SSP teach the public about the plight of tigers and do research. They keep a computerized family tree of zoo tigers that helps match males and females for breeding.” This shows that the AZA is taking big steps to make sure that tigers survive and breed.
The scale and pace of change is dramatic; for example, the extinction of species is occurring at around 100-fold pre-human rates4. The population sizes of vertebrate species have, on average, declined by half over the last 45 years5. More than 2.3 million km2 of primary forest has been felled since 20006. About
Tigers are getting more and more scarce. In the world today, there are about 12 Javan tigers still alive, and less than 110 Siberian tigers. Their only needs in life are water, food, and shade, so this is definitely not the cause of their near extinction. The number of tigers in the world is decreasing because of hunters that like the fur. Tigers are rarely shot for attacking humans, for they
Today, contiguous distributions can be found throughout southern Asia, far east Russia, and the Sunda islands of Sumatra, and Java (figure 1). It is widely agreed that the evolutionary history and distribution of tigers and other fauna endemic to Asia is largely dominated by glacial cycles during the late Pleistocene epoch. An examination of environmental conditions during the late Pleistocene would assist in explaining the current distribution and the central point of origin of the species
This lab report focus on the risk of extinction of the panther species of Florida due to habitat loss (urbanization), collisions road kill, intolerance and poor genetic diversity have been confined to this animal to live in a small part of South Florida become one of the most endangered mammals on the planet. About 160 cats remain in the wild. Therefore the objective of this report is to disseminate knowledge regarding the extinction of native species by identifying the mortality, its causes, area of action, level of ecosystem and possible solutions to prevent their extinction
In today’s world, hardly any species of wildlife become extinct from natural causes. Europeans hunt animals to such an extent that we classify it as overhunting. We destroy their habitat, and introduce other animals that are a threat to endangered animals or are competition for resources and food. Habitat destruction is the greatest threat to both animals and plants.
all doom gloom. The tigers There are now 2,060 giant pandas in the wild, leading the
In the last two decades, palm oil has been one of the most imported goods around the world. In fact, the top industries are located in Sumatra, Indonesia, holding up to 90% of the world’s exported palm oil. Palm oil comes from the palm fruit of the African oil palm trees, and is grown mainly in the rainforest area. Unfortunately, the actions taken to grow these trees are causing horrible impacts to the world’s environment, such as deforestation, pollution, and increased greenhouse-gas emissions. Between 1985 and 2011, more than 30 million acres of the Sumatran forest disappeared because of the involvement of palm oil. Because of these environmental impacts, it’s leading to animal cruelty, especially for the Sumatran tiger. The deforestation of palm oil is driving Sumatran tigers toward extinction, because of the endangered wildlife environment, hazardous plantations, and starvation. According to One Green Planet, at least 80% of the Sumatran wildlife habitat is lost from the production of palm oil leading to the extinction of the Sumatran tigers. In 2017, it has been recorded that their are fewer than 400 Sumatran tigers that exist (How Palm Oil Impacts the Sumatran Tiger).
The scientific community is increasing the number of studies dedicated to understanding the causes and effects of trophic cascades, due in part to human actions that are immensely decreasing the populations of apex predators worldwide. Since the mid-1900’s, numerous observations have noted the direct, and indirect, effects of apex predators on smaller animal species and plant communities. Although there is adequate evidence on the impact of apex predator removal on small scale ecosystem functioning, a question remains as to the impact that will occur on the global
Tigers were once at risk of being extinct until those who hunted them noticed the decline and began to allow them to get a chance to revive their numbers. On the other hand animals like the African elephant, rhinoceros, and even the black bear are at high risk of becoming extinct if wildlife does not begin to be conserved. Animals such as the elephant and rhino are hunted for their body parts and animals such as the black bear are hunted for game as well as their pelt. As well as the decline in animal wildlife there is a decline in wilderness as well that comes from the cars we drive and the plants we
Bill Freedmen, author of “Endangered Species—Human Causes Of Extinction and Endangerment” notes, “scientists approximate that present extinction rates are 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the average natural extinction rate.” These distressing numbers should be acted upon to save the endangered species and avoid the catastrophic change to this planet if these species were to become extinct. In order to produce change, people need to recognize that habitat loss, climate change, and poaching are all factors in why our animal species are going extinct.
Can marginalized humans have genuine empathy for their oppressors? And if so, how does their passivity towards their oppressors lead to an accumulation of resentment? When reevaluating the narration of The White Tiger, readers should ask themselves these questions while reading it. In addition, Adiga uses the story to exploit the influence of modernization on India’s political corruption and India’s miniscule focus on the maltreatment of poor Indians. The country achieves the ambivalence of poverty by manipulating the lower class through political means. Politicians uphold socialist and democratic ideals without legitimate citizen participation in elections. Even so, the format of the country’s caste system relies on how the subordinate of
1. From reading this summary of tiger ecology, what aspects of the tiger’s environment need to be recreated in a zoo environment?