The Difference Between The Temperature Of A Mixture With Hydrochloric Acid

In reference to the collision theory, molecules act as small spheres that collide and bounce off each other, transferring energy among themselves when the collide. In order for a reaction to occur, there must be collisions between molecules. Through experimentation, factors are discovered that influence the reaction rates of chemical reactions include the concentration of reactants, temperature, surface area, the physical state of reactants, and a catalyst. This experiment regarding the factors that affect reaction rate tests the effects of increased concentration and

Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy. As this movement increases, collision rate and intensity, and therefore reaction rates, increase. This experiment was conducted to determine if there is a minimum temperature that increase kinetic energy and denature enzymes to slow enzymatic reactions or fail to catalyze them. The experimental results indicate an increase in temperature will increase reaction rates until proteins denature.

Statement of Inquiry: What is the effect of changing a factor on the rate of chemical reaction?

1. For this experiment, what were the independent variable and the dependent variable? What were the constants?

Many factors effect reaction rates, two shown above include temperature and concentration. Concentration affects the rate of reactions because the more concentrated a solution the more likely collisions between particles will be. This is simply because there are more particles present to collide with each other. When the temperature is higher, particles will

The hypothesis tested in this experiment was, if the temperature of enzyme catalysis were increased, then the reaction rate would increase, because enzyme-catalysis reacts by randomly colliding with substrate molecules, and the increase in temperature increases the speed of collision or reaction rate. The final data collected for the experiment was positive with my hypothesis. The coffee filter, covered in potato solution, sank and rose at a faster pace in the hydrogen peroxide when the temperatures were raised.

The reaction time (in seconds) is the dependent variable of this experiment. This will be changed by the temperature of the chemicals, and as it is affected by the independent variable it is considered the dependent variable.

By heating to refluxing, the temperature and thermal energy were controlled during the experiment. Heating the reaction is important because it is required in order for the bonds to break to cause a chemical reaction. Breaking bonds also means requiring energy and that is where activation energy comes into play. All chemical reactions has to overcome an energy barrier to generate the product from the reactant.

An experiment that explores how temperature is used to speed up a reaction rate is the use of light sticks or glow sticks. If a light stick is refrigerated, once the seal is broken, the reaction will slow down and the light stick gives off light for longer periods of time. If the glow stick is room temperature, the reaction will speed up and the light goes out faster. Heat can be used to speed up a reaction to see the reaction occur quickly. The more energy molecules have, the more they combine. Conversely, scientist often use ice water to slow down reactions. When molecules have less energy, it takes them longer to combine.

Independent variables are not dependent to anything, Independent variables can be changed, and manipulated to work however the experimenter wants it to work. So to speed up the reaction with Solution A, Solution B will be decreased. The less Solution B there is the less time it takes for Solution A to react with S.B. If there is less S.B there will be an instant/almost instant reaction for the two chemicals to create the rich blue substance. Solution B will be decreased by 2mL in 5 trials. Solution A will stay the same since only Solution B Is being changed and there can be only on the variable change to make the result/conclusion valid/accurate.

The objective of this experiment was to allow one to grasp a thorough understanding of chemical reactions and the way they occur in chemistry. The study of chemical kinetics is known as reaction rates, which occur at different speeds. The speed of chemical reactions are dependent on four factors. The main factors that contribute to altering the speed are: the nature of the reactants, the concentration of the reactants, the presence of a catalysis and lastly, temperature (CHCKY107 General Chemistry Lab Manual Spring 2018). By incrementing the temperature in a chemical reaction, this incrementation in heat will accelerate the process, creating more collision in particles as which because they are more motion, creating an increase in kinetic

At 10o C the time of reaction was 75.81 seconds (s). At 20o C the time of reaction was 65.20 s. At 30o C the time for the reaction was 52.80 s. At 40o C the time of reaction was 50.20 s at 50o C the average time of reaction was 52.96 and lastly at 60o C the time of reaction was 41.29 s. This change in time for the reaction to occur can be explained by the collision theory. The collision theory states that for a reaction to take place, the reactant particles must collide at the correct speed and angle. Although this cannot be completely controlled, an increase in temperature will increase the speed of the particles and frequency of collisions inside the liquid reactants themselves and therefore increase the likelihood of reaction to take place. This is why the highest temperature of 60o C had the lowest time for the reaction to take place.

If there is more heat involves in a reaction it will occur at a faster speed as the heat provides the particles with more energy. Likewise, if the temperature at which the reaction is occurring is low it will slow down the reaction. The experiment is being done at room temperature because then temperature does not play a great role in the reaction, and therefore the reaction is happening based solely on the acids, and metal. Something else that is required for a chemical reaction to occur is the Collision theory.

Dependent Variable: Rate of hand squeezes on the hand strengthener. Number of times the strengthener is squeezed (50) / time it takes to complete squeezes (seconds)

Aim: To prove that reaction rate is faster if the temperature is increased, in accordance to the collision theory.