Introduction
In many years, scientific and technological principles have been portrayed and been popular in many television shows and movies. In year 2005, a television show that is based on real life story of a forensic anthropologist and mystery novels writer Keith Reich was made to a television show. Hart Hanson created the shows entitled Bones on which the story is based on a forensic anthropologist who is teamed up with FBI agent that focus on scientific process to solved the mystery of human remains, specifically human bones. In many episodes of Bones, the scientific process that always present is on how the team can manage to identify the human remains with the process of carbon dating that became a topic of interest of many critics and viewers of the shows. Like many science oriented shows, bones was made from Hollywood that viewers questioned or argued about how the science process or carbon dating can really identify the age of human remains and how accurate the show bones in real life.
Carbon dating
According to Brad Peroney (2014), Carbon dating compares the amount of radioactive carbon to ordinary carbon in old objects to figure out how long ago something, or someone lived (Peroney, 2014). Carbon dating also called as radioactive carbon or carbon-14 dating is a method of age determination that depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-dating, 2015).Carbon-14 is continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen-14 in the
Kathleen Joan Reichs, or Kathy Reichs for short, is an American author and forensic anthropologist(“Kathy Reichs | Biography.”). She is the author of many books, her main independent series being BONES and a collaborative series VIRALS with her son(“About Kathy”). Kathy Reichs is also very well known for the successful TV adaptation of her BONES books,following the life of a forensic anthropologist much like herself who uses her skills to solve murders. Kathy Reichs is an interesting person in that she is a successful author, a professor of Anthropology at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte, one of only eighty-two forensic anthropologists, and one of the producers for the television series based off her books.(“About Kathy”).
Radiometric dating is a technique that utilizes unstable isotopes of natural elements. Because these unstable isotopes eventually decay at a constant and singular rate despite any environmental changes such as temperature or moisture changes. The unit used as measurement is a half-life which is the amount of time it takes 50% of the original isotope to decay into the next isotope or daughter isotope. Basically the amount of half-lives is multiplied by the length of the half-life to estimate the age of the object being tested. Every element used has a different half-life and that makes each useful for measuring certain types of material. Some have longer a half-life and thus a longer effective dating range. Potassium-argon dating is useful for dating material that is extremely old. This method is used by geologists to replace relative ages based on rock formation with absolute ages. The dates found from the radiometric technique are accurate because the sources, the individual radioactive isotopes, are unchanging and unaffected by environmental factors. This means that the radiometric data will always be precise unlike relative dating which relies on the theory of uniformitarianism, the theory that geological history is made up of endless and uniform
It tracks Dr. Bass’ life before and after the farm, and what he did to move his way to being the founder of a forensic farm which is the only of its kind in the world. A recognition should also be given to all the present-day and upcoming TV series such as CSI or Law and Order, shows that revolve around solving murder cases and have forensics as a big component in the show. Many people are now flooding to the forensic science, which was scarce with professionals not too long ago (Pitt 1). This kind of recognition in the media that is available to all kinds of people, lets people know what kind of work forensics is. It piques people’s interest and opens them to a world they may be interested in. Usually at first, The nature of the job causes people to be scared away from the Body Farm, so Dr. Bass uses his old-timey humor and knowledge to share the horrific details to people and his students (Wheat 1). It’s easy for people to see the bodies at the farm as still people, who are left behind to rot. Dr. Bass does not think the same way. He believes the soul has gone from the body and that all that is left behind is bones, all of which tells their own story. Reviews have praised this book as being one of the best, and also informative in the daily life of a forensic
Forensic anthropology is a relatively new field. Although, in the 20th century people solved murders through examination of the bones the term forensic anthropology just came about. Around the 1930s police and anthropology became one. The gangland murders at the time caused the FBI to become physical anthropologists.
Forensic anthropology is a subfield of physical anthropology that aims to assist in the identification of human remains and to help determine what happened to the remains (Ubelaker, 2006). A forensic anthropologist is able to aid law enforcement by narrowing down the list of possible victims. This subfield of anthropology consists of several processes and a vast list of duties that are important in providing positive identification.Even though forensic anthropology dates back many years, major advancements in this field are still being made today.
Encyclopaedia Britannica also states that it is “proved to be a versatile technique of dating fossils and archaeological specimens from 500 to 50,000 years old” (1998). This method of age determination is dependent upon the decay of nitrogen and radiocarbon (Carbon-14) (Encyclopaediea Britannica, 1998; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2011). Carbon-14 is continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen-14 in the Earth’s atmosphere (Encyclopaediea Britannica, 1998; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2011) and all living things exchange the gas carbon-14 with the atmosphere surrounding them. The amount of carbon-14 exchanged into the living organism is perfectly balanced with its surroundings, but when an organism dies, they stop taking in the gas and that equilibrium is damaged. Because Carbon-14 slowly decays at a known rate called its “half-life” in a dead organism, scientists can figure out how long ago it had stopped exchanging carbon with its atmosphere. Thus, its age can be determined by measuring the amount of Carbon-14 in a sample (Hirst, 2017; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2017; Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit Research Laboratory for Archaeology, n.d.; Earthsky, 2017; Cram, 1993). With the utilisation of Radiocarbon Dating, scientists have been able to discover that Lindow
Radiometric dating is still being used today. Modern uranium-lead radioactive dating of meteorites and earth materials gives us today's estimate that the earth is about 4.5 billion years
“This is my lab and what we do is study bones,” states Kari Bruwelheide in her video entitled “30,000 Skeletons”. Out of all three resources, “Puzzles of the Chesapeake” by Sally Walker, “Forensic Anthropology” by an unknown author, and “30,000 Skeletons” by Smithsonian Education, but presented by Kari Bruwelheide, “30,000 Skeletons” is by far better at explaining the role of an anthropologist. It is unbeatable because it is a video and Kari Bruwelheide has personal experience of being a forensic anthropologist. A forensic anthropologist is a scientist that studies human remains, or in another word, skeletons, to try to find out information.
After finding some skeletal remains, the police have provided a list of three missing persons, Kim Lee, Theresa Woods and Jonathan Parker. While spending multiple days in the lab, plenty of information was collected to help with the identification of the bones, such as the sex of the victim, the age of the victim and the approximate height and race of the victim. This data was compiled to draw a conclusion and safely identify the remains.
Cross Bones is an action packed ninth book by Kathy Reich. Kathy Reich works as a forensic anthropologist in North Carolina and Quebec. Kathy Reich’s character Temperance Brennan is a mixture of real forensic cases. Her role as a forensic anthropologist, has inspired a television show called Bones. The executive producer of Bones, Barry Josephson, based the main character on both Reich and Brennan’s personality. For example, one of the episode Cross Bones they talked about the skull fragments, list of bones and how the carbon 14 to tell how old the bones are just some examples displayed throughout the book. “In the tomb they discovered a plaque that had a deep crack running through and four deep lines of the inscription. The crack had ancient
The scientists, archeologists, and historians must use science to reveal all of the answers. If it weren't for science many mysteries would still remain about the findings at the historical sites visited in this book. Written in Bone was an enjoyable read hidden with science sprinkled on every
Forensic Anthropologist involves with the study of human remains for legal purpose. This job helps the ever expanding world of criminal law and the need for justice. It helps bring answer in the science community on how to analyze and distinguish decaying remains and how to identify their identity. In conclusion forensic anthropologists allow for murders or accidents to be revealed and slowly let them rest in peace.
Forensic Anthropologist work with the law enforcement agencies and assist in processing skeletal evidence. They gather profile research to determine individual's age at death, sex, ethnicity, and physical condition. They also aid in locating and removing human remains, conducting dental analysis, determining time of death, evaluate trauma to bones, and presenting a professional testimony in court.
The field was quickly gaining new interest and experts. The newest undisputed authority in the field was determined to ruin any other scientific evidence. This new expert did however take a big part in clearing up much of the unknown that American paleoanthropology was known for. In the year 1949 the British Museum put to use the new way of testing the age of bones using fluorine. This help to expose a human skull fitted to an ape's jaw. This exposed certian frauds but did set science back in some aspects. Durring an excavation near mississippi many animal bones of extinct animals were discovered, along with the pelvis of a human. The scientific community was shocked. This was extrordanary because the time lines did not match up. When the bones were given the flourine test it showed that all the bones had similar antiquity. Some people soon after this began to question the validity of the test, but to this day people still use flourine to radioactily date new discoveries. This also had a significant impact on the future of paleoanthropology across the world and opened the gateway to numerous other discoveries. Although i was not aware before reading this passage of the issue of people faking finds. I dont think that it is right for someone to fit an ape's jaw onto a human's skull for the sake of fame or money. That act did nothing but set
In the real world, many crimes remain unsolved, but in Bones every murder is solved and the killer is brought to justice. As Letizia, the author of a TV review entitled “Bones”, asserts, “fans root not just for crimes to be solved, but for [Booth and Brennan], working in tandem, to solve them.” The viewer begins to trust these two characters and think of them as real people they have let into their lives. Another difference, pointed out by Letizia, that Bones offers is