The Double Cross System : The Contributions Of The Double Cross System

Espionage, the use of spying to obtain secret information regarding the intentions and capabilities of other persons, groups, organizations, or states is largely seen as a modern twentieth-century phenomenon (Burds, 2012). In reality, it is one of the oldest political and military acts, appearing in historical and literary accounts since the beginning of recorded history. A vital tool of statecraft, espionage shapes foreign policy and changes how wars proceed. Unbeknownst to many Americans, subterfuge and secrecy would play an important role in the Revolutionary War. George Washington, commander of the Continental Army, was well aware that he needed reliable intelligence to triumph over British forces which outmatched and often outnumbered his own. To achieve this, Washington would establish numerous spy networks over the course of the war, the most successful being the Culper Spy Ring.

With a longtime fascination with history, I decided to write my essay on a topic not usually discussed in history classes, the role of spies during America’s war of independence. I was interested in the ways spies played various roles in major events during the revolution and their uniquely complex ways of gathering intelligence, given the many limitations in the 18th century. Fighting against the British army, a superpower in its time, I’m hoping to discuss the significance

The Battle at Midway was a critical turning point of the war in the Pacific during World War II. Attribution to American success is in direct relation to their ability to conduct signal collection and crypto-analysis leading to the battle. The elimination of this capability from consideration during the preparation for this battle will drastically influence the outcome. Through critical reasoning and battle analysis, this paper will determine the level of effect of the capability. The analysis will also seek to understand the change in outcome as a result of this change to history. The product of this analysis will be a thorough understanding of the importance of intelligence capability to United States success during World War II.

The spies were created for a lot of reasons but the biggest reason was to collect information and send it back to their home Country.

When asked about spies, most people instinctively think of James Bond, a member of the British Secret Service. Most people don’t know however that this classical character was inspired by the true events, of places like Camp X, where 007’s creator, Ian Fleming, was trained as an intelligence officer. Most stories of the Second World War revolve around the great battles, such as the Battle of Normandy. While these battles were remarkable, the critical victories of the Second World War may not have been possible without the vigorous and fearless effort of spies and operatives, who can influence the result of crucial operations for the betterment of their own objectives. Training camps were vital for producing

In 13 economical and clearly written chapters that rely mainly on secondary accounts and published documenta-ry collections along with some archival sources, Daigler covers the key specifc topics of the intelligence war in the broad areas of espionage, covert action, and coun-terintelligence: the Boston Mechanics spy ring and the British penetration agent in its midst, Benjamin Church; martyr-spy Nathan Hale; France’s sub rosa provision of essential military aid; Benjamin Franklin’s propaganda and other covert activities as “chief of Paris Station”; George Washington’s intuitive grasp of the intelligence business and his clever use of deception and disinforma-tion to choose the right moment to strike at while keep-ing away from the always stronger

The development of the allied military strategy in World War II (WWII) presented challenges for the U.S. and Great Britain as they worked together to defeat the Axis powers. First, this paper will review the environment at the time of WWII when Admiral Stark penned the “Plan Dog” memorandum and MAJ Wedemeyer’s War Defense Team put together the “Victory Plan”. Next, it will look at the advantages and disadvantages of coalition operations with supporting examples. Then, a review of two major meetings between U.S. and Great Britain will identify what strategic decisions were made and the effects they have on the war. Finally, this paper will explore the foundations of strategy (Clausewitz and Sun Tzu) by which the allied forces used and

In World War Two countries relied on clandestine operations to win the war. Many different tactics were used. Tactics included infiltration of the other sides borders, creating fake armies, code breaking and utilizing secret agencies. Clandestine operations during world war two proved integral to the war as a whole.

When people are reminded of World War Two, they usually refer to all the stupendous and spectacular fights that took place. The thing that people do not know is that those stupendous and spectacular fights could not have been done without the courage's people who risked their lives to gather information to give their alliance an upper edge against the opponent. Some examples of spies are Mata Hari and Major Robin Stephens who risked their lives to gain information on their enemies. Spies did not only have their minds, but they also have gadgets that aided them to help gather information. Ultimately, all the outcomes that come from World War Two could not have been possible if people did not risk their lives to give their side and advantage against their opponent.

World War II was a war of many victories and losses. A battle for constant control of territories, that was ushered by greed and corruption. With this comes the persistent need to find an advantage over the enemy, and during this time Germany became the front runner in innovations and technology. This intelligence showed by the Germans had the allied forces in a scramble to help propel them on top of the battle again. In hopes of success, through desperation the United States had managed to put together a top-secret task force. However this was not the typical task force that the United States was know to specialize in, until the early 1940 's. This task force was hand selected to specialize in tricking the German forces, specifically in the art of Deception. Through the use of these technologies given to them, these brave soldiers used their skills in sonic, radio, and visual deception, to help lead the allied forces to victory. Later called the Ghost Army of the War, these American 's were essential in deceiving the German forces.

Some major experiences that happen in the story were when little by little the spies were feeding false information to the germans so that they can believe that the attack was going to happen in Calais. Also, when the french women that thought her dog was very important that she almost messed up the whole operation. Another major experience was when Eisenhower said that he needed the mighty 15th army in Calais for at least 24 hours in order to attack. In total, the spies were able to keep a large mass of the German army in Calais for a few weeks after D-Day. MI6 is the Secret Intelligence Service for the British government. According to someone who was working in MI6, it was the most successful deception operation in history.

Winston Churchill famously said, “In time of war, when truth is so precious, it must be attended by a bodyguard of lies” (Churchill, 1986, p. 338). The bodyguard of lies which attended the Allied Forces invasion of Normandy, France (codenamed Operation NEPTUNE) on 6 June 1944 was a large-scale deception operation, codenamed Operation FORTITUDE. A single British double agent operation was the linchpin of this deception operation. This double agent succeeded in stalling Nazi reinforcements to the Normandy for two months, thereby reducing Allied Forces’ casualties and saving the beachhead expansion. Had German intelligence prioritized acquiring additional human intelligence and taken greater care in vetting this agent, they would have seen through the deception and sent adequate forces to counter the Allied beach landings at Normandy.

Several years after World War Two, the British government publicly unveiled how they used a corpse to fool the Germans into believing that the Allies would invade Greece, instead of Sicily. Dubbed ‘Operation Mincemeat’, it became the most successful and influential espionage mission in World War Two. The mission was critical for reinforcing Hitler’s fear of an Allied attack on the Mediterranean, granted the Allies an easy victory in the capture of Sicily, and ensured the outcome of the entire war.

The term “Covert Action” brings with it a connotation of shadowy figures wrapped in secrecy and intrigue. It also brings with it a substantial amount of moral questions as to “what is right.” The use of covert action has been widely publicized since the early seventies, but trying to find out the truth to these events has been difficult to say the least. What is even more difficult, is historically recording these events into categories of successes or failures. These operations are difficult to dissect because of their secrecy and although events have been recorded, some facts simply aren’t apparent. This paper will seek to identify the complex issues associated with covert operations.

Operation Mincemeat was written by Ben Macintyre, a writer for the Times of London, and an author whose works are mainly on the espionage aspect of the Allied war effort in World War II, especially the use of double agents. Macintyre became interested in Operation Mincemeat while conducting research for another book on Eddie Chapman, a British double agent. He was specifically drawn to Ewen Montagu, one of the masterminds behind this operation. Although Montagu had written a book about these events, titled The Man Who Never Was in 1953, Macintyre understood that certain details were omitted from the published work as it first had to be authorized by the Joint Intelligence Committee. In order to fill in the gaps in Montagu’s book, Macintyre began to search for the classified documents pertaining to the operation, which he eventually obtained after contacting Montagu’s son. In fact, Macintyre eventually obtained Montagu’s letters, his unpublished autobiography and the uncensored version of his original book, which would be the sources of information for his new book on Operation Mincemeat. Another factor that led him to write this book was the lack of material on this secret operation available to the public, partly due to the British government’s unwillingness to divulge these classified operations from the war for almost fifty years. With the relaxing of these restrictions by the government, Macintyre felt it was time to paint the complete picture of the events surrounding