Effect of blending of Crude Palm oil with sunflower and groundnut oil on proximate composition, β-carotene and total carotenoids contents of samosa and cutlet Rajni Goyal* ,Sudesh Jood and Neelam Khetarpaul,
*Department of Home Science,University College,Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Department of Foods & Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125004
Abstract
Purpose- Crude palm oil (CPO) is an excellent source of β-carotene and mono-unsaturated fatty acid mainly palmitic acid (16:0).CPO can be blended with other cooking oils namely sunflower oil (SFO) and groundnut oil (GNO). The purpose of blending was to improve the β-carotene content of sunflower and groundnut oils. These oil blends can be used
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Key words Palm oil, sunflower oil, groundnut oil, oil blends, samosa, cutlet
Paper type Research paper
Introduction Among various nutritional problems prevalent in India, deficiency of vitamin A is quite severe and is affecting mainly malnourished children and women. Efforts have been made from time to time to combat vitamin A deficiency (VAD) using various food stuffs. Vegetables oils are an essential ingredient in cooking and are the chief source of dietary fat, which is one the essential nutrient required by human beings. A wide variety of edible oils are available in the market viz.groundnut oil, soybean oil, mustard oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil etc. under various brand names. However, these oils are devoid of β-carotene and can contribute a little to alleviate VAT. Crude palm oil, which is an excellent source of β-carotene, can be used for blending with commonly used cooking oils and can help to overcome the deficiency of Vitamin A. Palm oil is extracted from the mesocarp of the fruit of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and the oil is derived from the kernel seed of the palm (Poku, 2002). Palm oil has a characteristic dark red color because of a high amount of beta-carotene (Lai et.al.,2015; Ng and Choo,2016).Palm oil is commonly used as cooking medium in Africa, Southeast Asia and parts of Brazil due to its lower cost (Behrman et al, 2005). and its nutritional and health attributes have been well
Instead of using vegetable oil they enjoy using palm oil, which is red and made from palm
frying purposes, the dieter should use canola, peanut and grape seed oil. Cold water fish is
Children who are malnourish and vitamin A deficient are two times more likely to die compare to those receiving a vitamin A supplement. This increase in mortality rate is due to the vulnerability state of the child that caused by lack of nutrition. Moreover, the scarcity of the proper mineral and vitamins for pregnant mothers has cause more than 13 million underweight and premature births. Over the years Vitamins B, D, and C have proven to cure disease such as pellagra, rickets and scurvy and although this might seem easy fixes for the richer
You should also try Carrington Farms Coconut Cooking Oil if you are looking for the best oils to try in the kitchen. This coconut cooking oil is already in liquid form and is one of the best alternatives to olive, corn, and canola oil just to name a few. It still retains the benefits of traditional coconut oil with the exception of the smell or flavor. This odorless and tasteless oil comes with high amounts of medium chain triglycerides or MCT. It doesn't contain hydrogenated and trans fats so it is completely safe to use.
In 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a health claim which states that consuming foods containing plant sterol and stanol esters along with other low cholesterol and saturated fat foods can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (Jones, Vanstone, Raeini-Sarjaz, & St-Onge, 2003). Today, many functional foods in the form of margarines, spread, yogurt, and others, have been enriched with phytosterols and advocated as being able to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Phytosterols have been known for its cholesterol-lowering effect by blocking absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. However, there are controversies surrounding the efficacy of phytosetrol that are enriched in foods in reducing cholesterol levels. Many studies have also demonstrated the efficacy of phytosterol-enriched foods. Vásquez-Trespalacios and Romero-Palacio (2014) and Amundsen, Ose, Nenseter, and Ntanios (2002) have demonstrated the efficacy of phytosterol-enriched foods in reducing total and LDL-cholesterol levels. However, there are also many studies that show otherwise. For example, Jones et al. (2003) and Weingärtner et al. (2016) have shown that phytosterol-supplemented foods did not have any effect on total and LDL-cholesterol levels. The debate regarding the efficacy of phytosterol in functional foods is crucial as phytosterol-enriched foods can potentially be a solution to a continuous increase in population suffering from cardiovascular diseases. The
In contrast, the placebo group which were given low doses of polyunsaturated fatty acids, showed increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and loss of anti-inflammatory TGF-b.
Schwingshackl, L., Lampousi, A.M., Portillo, M.P., Romaguera, D., Hoffmann, G., & Boeing, H. (2017, April 10). Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials. Journal of Nutrition & Diabetes, 7(262). doi:10.1038/nutd.2017.12.
Coconut oil is the most beneficial oil of the three in terms of healthy fats, however, it has a moderate smoke point (347 degrees F), so it should be used strictly for medium-temperature cooking. Olive oil is a bit more complicated. Extra virgin olive oil is full of great nutrients, and antioxidants that prevent the fats from breaking down at lower temperatures, so it is resilient up to 383 degrees fahrenheit. Remember, even at lower temperatures, these great antioxidants and nutrients can be lost, so I would recommend using EVOO in sauces or dressings at low temperatures, to retain the nutritional value of the oil. It is very important to be sure you are buying high quality olive oil. Many brands add soybean to their olive oils, which can be hazardous to
The results of the subject showed that the beta-carotene helped increased skin pigmentation. The results were similar to those that people get with
Used of lycopene have been studied extensively through epidemiological and biochemical investigations of its properties and its bioavailability. No adverse events have been reported in association with the consumption of lycopene-containing foods (Kalai, 2011). Lycopene is synthesized by plants and microorganisms, but not by animals. It is a red open-chain unsaturated carotenoid, acyclic isomer of beta-carotene, and longer than any other carotenoid. This highly unsaturated hydrocarbon contains 11 conjugated and 2 unconjugated double bonds, predisposing lycopene to isomerization and degradation upon exposure to light, excessive heat, and air (Lee and Chen, 2002; Yang et al.,2006).
However, Monsanto has taken GM foods to the next level by actually altering the composition of some crops in order to yield health benefits. A very prevalent example of a crop being made in order to benefit the health of an individual is the stearidonic acid (SDA) omega- three soybeans. Omega- three is an important fatty that is not created by the body so it must be consumed in order to obtain this fatty acid (“Omega-3”). Since this is commonly found in fatty fish it is difficult for most to have omega-3 as a regular part of one’s diet so the addition of this fatty acid to soybeans helps those who cannot regularly consume this omega-3. Omega- 3 is important to the health of an individual because it helps maintain heart health (“Omega-3”). The University of South Dakota has developed a case study in order to determine the effects that SDA soybean oil has on the omega-3 index (“Omega- 3”). This index is the measure of how much omega-3 is found in one’s red blood cells (“Omega-3”). There are three main types of omega-3 fatty acids that are found in red blood cells and they are, alpha- linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaeonic acid (DHA) (“Omega-3”). The case study that the University of South Dakota performed came to a few conclusions about the health benefits of the SDA soybeans. The university found that the SDA soybeans showed a higher ratio of EPA
High in Monounsaturated Fatty acids: Avocados are extremely high in healthy fat and is consider one of the fattiest plant foods in existence, this is because 77% of the calories in it are from fat. And the majority of the fat in avocado is oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid that is also high in olive oil. This fatty acid help to reduced inflammation and been shown to have beneficial effects on genes linked to cancer. Also because the fats in avocado is resistant to heat-induced oxidation, avocado oil is a healthy and safe choice to cook with.
Vitamin A by animals . Carotene is found in easily found in carrots as well as
Carotenoids possess a significant amount of nutritional value. Therefore, it can be profitable to find the most effective procedure for extracting carotenoids. The purpose of this experiment was to extract carotenoids from green vegetables through gentle saponification. The experimenters sort through information provided by literature articles about saponification. The procedure for this experiment included carotenoid extraction, isolation, and quantification. Saponification also acts to filter out unwanted chlorophylls in the green vegetables. The chlorophylls skew the results of the experiment by increasing the turbidity of the test tubes. A spectrophotometer is used to measure the absorbance readings and directly correlate the absorbance
Palm oil is used in anything from food to consumer products. It is even estimated that 10% of all U.S goceries contain palm oil. The ingredient is used so often because it is considered the cheapest cooking oil in the world (Questions and Answers about Palm Oil). It is in products as diverse as Nutella, shampoo, cereals, toothpaste, ice cream, vitamins, detergent, and sometimes even the fuel in cars. This basically signifies that palm oil is everywhere. Furthermore, there are numerous brands that supply most of their products using palm oil as a major ingredient. For instance the popular brands Kraft, Starbucks, General Mills, and Colgate are just a few of them (Gertz). However, if one were to look under the ingredients list, palm oil could very easily be disguised by a few different names. A couple of them are palm kernel, palmitic acid, sodium kernelate, stearic acid, and vegetable fat (Breyer). If one were to check the labels of the products that they were using, they would be shocked about this