Article #1 The goal of the experiment conducted by Renner, Schwarz, Peters, and Huibers (2014) was to determine the effects of emotions in healthy individuals with a best possible self (BPS) writing and imagery exercise following a negative mood induction. The study included a total of 40 participants from Maastricht University, thirty-two women and 8 men. Initially, participants were assigned to either the experimental or control group. In the experimental group, subjects wrote about their best possible self for fifteen minutes and engaged in a mental imagery task for five minutes to reflect on what they had written in order to induce positive emotions. In the control group, subjects instead wrote about their typical day for the …show more content…
Which in return showed no distinctive change in emotions as whole in the results of the experiment. Finally, the results did not support the second hypothesis given by the experimenters. This stated that participants in the BPS group would report lower levels of positive feelings than that of participants of the the control group following the the negative mood induction phase. Instead changes did not significantly differ between both groups. This may have been due to the fact that the exposure to the BPS effect only occurred once and because of this the broaden-and-build theory was not activated. (Renner et al., 2014).
Article #2 The purpose of the study conducted by Serafini, Malin-Mayor, Nich, Hunkele and Carroll (2016) was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PANAS in a heterogeneous sample of 416 substance users seeking treatment at an outpatient treatment facility. In order to do so, the experimenters used data from four random clinical trials, each of which included the PANAS in their assessments. These trials evaluated a range of substance types which included: cocaine, marijuana, opioid, and alcohol. From these trials internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity, and predictive validity were all evaluated. The study required participants to take the PANAS, identify their psychological symptoms with a self-report
Emotions are something, not separate or foreign to who we are, but certainly a ‘thing’. They are often intangible and ineffable and are likely to guide ones vantage point from which they see life. An emotion rises from a place within a person, as a “response to letting the world in”(befriending emotions) through sensory intake, food absorption, breath etc. As humans beings we are passively open and receptive to the world. More often than not, we are allow external reality, to enter the perception, without the awareness necessary to acknowledge the feeling, and thus the body, mind and soul are effected and thus react. There is little explanation as to what exactly this ‘thing’ is, but it is felt by all. This feeling, because it shifts the vantage point from which we see life, is often met with fear and resistance. This forces us to try and control emotion, suppress the feeling. We do this by finding an alternative feeling to replace the one we currently have, or if it is a ‘good’ emotion we try and hold onto the feeling, both cause us to resist the fluidity of life. This constant need for replacement, or the next best thing I believe is the cause of much of the confusion we are currently experiencing the world. Nobody is feeling what is directly in front of them, nobody is being with themselves and recognizing the rise and diffusion of emotion but they are rather constantly wanting something else, never stopping to recognize that they themselves are “an extraordinary
Our emotions in many cases affect our perception of events as well as the actions that we take ourselves by permeating our way of thinking, and therefore affecting each thing that we do in that moment. In particular, emotions about the perception of ourselves have been shown to have both the ability to positively and negatively affect our actions and performances in life. This is what can be
Dance is the beginning of the unit and therefore serves as an introduction to mental and emotions.
“That thoughts can lead to emotions and behaviour; and that emotional disorders arise from negatively biased thinking (which lead to unhelpful emotions and behaviours); and that emotional disorders can be helped by changing such thinking” (Curwen.B, 2000).
The instrument consists of 67 true or false questions. Several scales are evaluated with these question, including the Symptoms scale (SYM), this scale measures the consequences of substance use; the Obvious Attributes scale (OAT), this scale measure the obvious symptoms of dependency; the Subtle Attributes scale (SAT), a measurement of substance use with non-substance-related content; the Defensiveness scale (DEF) which gauges denial; the Supplemental Addiction Measure scale (SAM), which measures general defensiveness from defensiveness related to substance use; the
Fading affect bias is a finding that the intensity of the affect that are associated with negative autobiographical memories tends to fade faster than affect associated with positive autobiographical memories. For example, when someone is initially turned down for a job, the individual may initially experience feelings of distress or sadness, but over time, they may begin to feel relief and decide that not being hired for that position turned out for the better. (Walker & Skowronski, 2009) Dissimilarly, an article by Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, and Vohs published in 2001 hypothesizes that, according to multiple literatures, it is the “negatively valenced” events in our lives that have the most significant emotional and psychological
In experiment 1 with the recall test for all trials, subjects remembered more negative words. Recall of positive words increased after each trial, but less than recall of negative words. The recall of neutral words did not improve at all. These results indicate that emotional memory recall is greater than for neutral memory recall, and that people tend to remember more negative things. An emotionally arousing word or experience enhanced the brain to recall events better than for neutral words because the amygdala was stimulated by emotions, mainly negative feelings. The amygdala enhanced the consolidation and encoding of memory for emotionally arousing situations; therefore, influencing performance (Buchanan 2007). Subjects recalled arousing events with greater accuracy than those without an emotional stimuli. This experiment could be improved by having more subjects to get a better representation. Also if wanting to test how current mood affects memory, subjects could be asked to take a survey about how they are feeling and seeing if a person feeling positive remembers more positive words or if a person feeling negative recalls more negative
According to Gross (1998), the effect of any given emotion coping strategy can be comprehended in terms of the stage of emotion generation sequence that it impacts specifically in this framework. Cognitive reappraisal focuses on the examination organize and includes changing an individual's understandings or evaluations of emotional boosts. This technique is known to be very much contemplated in light of the fact that reappraisal is exceedingly successful at controlling effect and physiological excitement without the intellectual and physiological expenses connected with reaction centered methodologies, and with longer-enduring impacts than attention-focused strategies (Gross, 1998)
There has been a plethora of studies linking aggression with anxiety, and self-esteem. These three facets of human thought and behavior seem inexorably linked. A study by Briol, Petty, and Requero (2017) looked at the role of aggressive thoughts had on self-evaluation. They first either performed aggressive priming, or a neutral control. They then asked them to self-evaluate by either asking them to list negative attributes or positive one. They found that in both conditions, the aggressive primed participants reported more in depth, and more vividly, meaning more positive attribute named, or more negative attribute named. They suggest that this means the aggressive priming leads people to rely on their emotion more vividly than either positive
The next experiment is emotion discrimination and differentiation task adapted from Borod et al. It is more comprehensive than the first experiment, as it reflects both children’s visual discrimination of facial expressions and conceptual understanding of the emotions ability. The hypothesis of this experiment was both abuse and neglect groups were less able to distinguish negative emotional displays than control group. Although the abuse group might be able to separate anger with other negative emotional displays. The participants consist of 15 neglected, 13 abused, and 11 nonmaltruated children from 3 years 5 months to 5 years 8 months. The recruitment method is precisely the same as the first experiment. The objects were 42 black and white
In an experiment conducted by Forgas (2015), is the assimilation-accommodation model more reliable over the autobiographical mood induction?
In The Effect of the Social Regulation of Emotion on Emotional Long-Term Memory, 219 undergraduate students participated. They earned extra credit or participation points for their time. Participants completed two different tasks of long-term memory: first task was a training task requiring the completion of a packet with questionnaires and while looking at images, participants held a stress ball. The second task, given a week after the training task, was the testing task, which consisted of completing a packet with questionnaires and this time participants held a female researcher’s hand, though she was not visible to the participants. For the given tasks, participants in the training part were to view six blocks; two of the blocks had
This article is about how our emotions effect our perception of everything around us. Perception is defined as the “The process of interpreting sensory information”. Cacioppo explains “Perception allows us to organize, recognize, and use the information provided by the senses” (Cacioppo, p.149). In the article, the University of North Carolina has developed the “broaden and build” theory that can identify when a person is happy. When a person is happy, their attention zooms out, they are more optimistic and can think more creatively. When a person is in a bad mood they will not pay attention, and will be absorbed in their negative thoughts. Happiness does not
Previous research on positive thinking/mentality proposed that it can amplify overall happiness of an individual regardless of the circumstances he or she faced. Oettinger and Wadden hypothesized how there may be a unique and substantial difference in expectation and fantasy in regards to negative and positive thinking (1991). The experiment involved 25 women randomly selected after responding to a
The main idea of Affective Events Theory is the affective experience such as moods and emotions as crucial link in shaping attitudes and behaviours (Rosen, Harris & Kacmar, 2009). Based on Greenberg (2011), positive mood leads to positive memory