The Effects Of Long Term Stuttering

After 60 years of stuttering, Hoagland reminisces about his struggles and triumphs to overcome his stuttering. While attending school, he learned that, “Life can become a matter of measuring the importance of anything you have to say.” He felt that it was

The main purpose of this article is to examine various research on the etiology of stuttering. The experimental research explored various brain circuitries involved, specifically the the basal ganglia. Furthermore, the meta-analysis discussed neuroimaging, lesion, pharmacological, and genetic studies on the neural circuitries connected to persistent developmental stuttering and acquired neurogenic stuttering.

A phonated interval (PI) is the duration of a signal in a voiced unit in speech production. The use of prolonged speech, or increased PIs, in the treatment of stuttering has been determined to be effective. In the long-term, however, the client who receives this treatment may relapse into their dysfluencies. What this study sought to do was compare the use of this standard form of treatment with a new adult stuttering treatment program, known as Modifying Phonation Intervals (MPI). According

Only half of the group labelled as stutterers actually showed signs of stuttering. As the experiment took place, the normal speakers were given positive encouragement while the group labelled stutterers were given negative reinforcement and were lectured about being extra careful when they spoke. Teachers and staff were also asked to reinforce the label of “stutterer.” The type of research used was an experiment

The prevalence of stuttering was studied by surveys by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). This survey was conducted between 1997 and 2008 and sampled over approximately 119,000 children from the age of three to 17. Based on this specific sample a prevalence of 1.60% was uncovered (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013). The incidence of stuttering has been highly debated due to the inconsistency of data in a multitude of studies. The Journal of Fluency Disorders provided a recommended statistic for stuttering of 5% as occurring during the lifespan of an individual (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013).

Stuttering affects an individual’s ability to produce fluent speech and often includes repetitions and prolongations of sounds. This causes disfluency in an individual’s speech. Stuttered speech is prevalent in less than 1 percent of people in the United States, (Bloostein & Ratner, 2008). Currently, there is no known cause of stuttering, but many argue that epidemiologic factors play a crucial role in the origins of stuttering. Factors such as incidence, genetics, the sex of a person, and other influences may impact a change in a health condition. Therefore, it is important to understand current evidence behind epidemiology in stuttering, as well as its prevalence and incidence in the field.

Our minds are very quick to associate experiences so if someone has difficulty saying a word in one situation, he/she may quickly learn to believe that they will have difficulty again (American Institute for Stuttering).” When these situations occur, I tend to tense up, repeat certain syllables, prolong words, or pause before I say a word or sentence (The New York Times). A good hand full of my conversations end up with the other person becoming impatient: saying things like “spit it out” or attempting to finish my sentences. Many people have stereotypical views of individuals with speech impairments. They assume that just because I stutter I am some nervous wreck, or maybe that I'm just shy. The truth is: no matter how comfortable I am around you, I'll probably still stutter.(Question

The author of this article summarizes results from previous studies explaining the experiments done by previous authors. Readers are able to summarize social impacts of stuttering on school-age children, by defining the known

neurogenic stuttering occurs when there is damage done to the brain that results in a person stuttering. this could make communication difficult with others as the damage of the brain of the individual continues to make the individual stutter. not to be confused with psychogenic stuttering that occurs due to psychological trauma that was caused. however these two do not occur as frequently as development stuttering. stuttering can lead to the disfluency of an individual during a conversation with another

Stuttering affects about 4% of the population but only 1% of the population will have a long term affect. (Bloodstein & Bernstein Ratner, 2008) Stuttering usually occur when children are learning their speech and language skills but stuttering is most treatable when children are 2-5 years due to the neuronal plasticity. (Yairi, Ambrose, & Cox, 1996) Not all stuttering will disappear during preschool age and will lead into adolescent and adulthood which can have long-term effects on their cognitive function such as emotional and psychological development.

I grew up with a stutter. I wished I had embraced my speech impediment and allowed myself to promote the ways in which I am able to communicate effectively with people instead of dwelling on the difficulty I had in my speech. It was tough for me to speak in front of people throughout grade school, as I would try to get all my words out as clearly as possible even though it was difficult for me to do so. Instead of embracing my slight fallibility, I was ashamed and did not want to acknowledge that I had an impediment. I spoke little in public. As I progressed through high school and the early years of college, I made an effort to improve my speech by forcing myself to take advantage of speaking opportunities. Even as my speech improved, it was still uncomfortable for me to admit that I had an impediment. It was not until my junior year of college that I realized I could use my other refined capabilities in communications in order to connect with people. In lieu of my speaking, I capitalized on my written communication skills and it showed through creating health education materials, assisting show production at CNN, developing a communication for development media initiative in the Solomon Islands, and now currently as the Editor-in-Chief of the Yale Undergraduate Journal of Public Health. Consistent development in my writing ability allowed me to develop the confidence upon improving my

The judges were made up of 14 people who stutter, 14 SLPs (Speech Language Pathologists) and 14 naïve listeners. A 9-point scale was used to rate the naturalness of speakers who do and do not stutter. The three judging groups varied greatly in how severely they judged the speech samples. The naïve judges were the most critical while the people who stutter were the least critical. All groups agreed that the slower the speech rate was the more unnatural the speech was perceived. In reference to the control group of the non-stutters all groups perceived the non-stutters to sound more

The treatment of stammering has been reported as one of the least popular aspects of the speech and language therapist’s caseload (St Louis et al1993 cited in Crichton-smith 2002) and speech therapists give negative personality traits to people who stammer (Ruscello et al 1989). The purpose of this study will be to investigate whether the attitudes of SLT’s towards child stammering have an effect on the intervention they are able to provide and what elements impact on this. The focus will be on the speech therapist’s views and the questions will be adapted to cover any new topics that arise. It would be useful to have a growth in knowledge in this area to ensure that speech therapists have the correct teaching and training to have the

Another type of dysfluency disorder that is often confused for stuttering is cluttering. Even though cluttering may include part- and whole-word repetitions, it can also affect co-occur with other speech, language, and behavioral disorders. It may include mazing disfluencies, omissions of syllables and small words, fast speech rate, speech disrhythmia, and lack of speech monitoring. Usually, people with a cluttering disorder likes to talk and they don’t realize they have a disorder. This is the opposite typical behavior of a person who stutters. A lot of people confuse

The following is a summary of a journal article titled, “Is Parent -Child Interaction Therapy Effective in Reducing Stuttering?” by Sharon Millard, Alison Nicholas, and Frances Cook. This article was published in the Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research in June 2008, to report the findings of a research conducted on the effects of parent-child interaction therapy approach (PCIT) on children who stutter. It was conducted to add more research and evidence to the efficacy of using the PCIT approach (Millard, Nicholas, & Cook, 2008 p 636).