The Effects Of Music Therapy On Anxiety Of Patients With Breast Cancer After Radical Mastectomy

Music therapy has proven beneficial to patients with cancer most notably the psychological and physical end-results. More than one million people in the United States get cancer each year (cancer.org). Most have heard or know of someone who has had cancer and the stories of the chemo radiation therapy that goes along with it. Imagine the emotions that one feels when diagnosed with cancer. The patient is ultimately suffering from the whole ordeal physically and emotionally. Music interventions are employed to “alleviate symptoms and treatment side effects in cancer patients” (Cochrane review).

“The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’” (Barnett & Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minor cases of depression. There have been many studies done showing that MT is an effective form of therapy that can improve someone’s overall Quality Of Life (QOL). MT is known as an alternative technique therapy. It is often used instead of, or along with, medication to produce a result in the patience who need it. MT involves all aspects of the music process, including listening to, writing, singing, and analyzing music. Overall MT addresses physical and emotional problems and is used to enhance the life and health of the patient. This review is simply to inform readers of the effects music and MT has on mental health, specifically:

The effect of music on postoperative pain and anxiety was studied on an orthopedic unit in a central Florida hospital (Allred, Byers, & Sole, 2010). The authors clearly identified the problem many total knee arthroplasty patients experience after surgery is moderate to severe postoperative pain and increased anxiety. Throughout the introduction of the study, it was stressed the importance and need for this research to be conducted. The authors discussed the effects of inadequately treated pain and how health care professionals, including nursing, should make it a priority in a patient’s treatment plan (Allred et al., 2010). Several references were provided supporting the issue

This article focuses on hospice patients. Hospice provides music therapy to patients and they often prefer it over other therapy’s. “Patients expect multiple benefits from music therapy, including emotional and spiritual support, support coping with pain, and an opportunity to express feelings. (Burns, 225) Study approved by Purdue University focused on patients physical, emotional and spiritual comfort in their last days. Also keeping in mind length of stay gender, marital status, home care and visitors. These could all effect the mood rather than just the music therapy. “Anxiety and pain are common reasons for referral to music therapy; however, research supporting the use of music therapy to decrease anxiety and pain is equivocal.” (Burns, 229) In conclusion, family’s did not notice a change in pain or anxiety and through research there was no significant change within the hospice

c. Music therapy has been used for adult cancer patients and it significantly reduces emotional distress and boosts the patients quality of life. Same effect was had on war veterans with PTSD

Hilliard, R. E. "Music Therapy in Hospice and Palliative Care: A Review of the Empirical Data."

The purpose of this paper is to determine if music therapy is an effective intervention on decreasing the perceived response to pain in post-operative abdominal and thoracic hospitalized patients as compared with those who received pharmaceutical interventions alone. A literature review of eight articles will be evaluated and compared in order to ultimately give an overview of the applicability of this intervention to nursing practice. In this paper, the literature will be reviewed based upon applicability to the proposed research question.

On average 1 in 2 Canadians will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime (Canadian Cancer Society, Canadian Cancer Statistics 2017). A side effect of a cancer diagnosis is often significant stress. Still, stress is inevitable whether it is a personal or a loved one’s sickness. Stress that is not dealt with or is left to build up can cause many different health problems either with the cancer patients or family members. These health problems include high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and more (Mayo Clinic). Music, for many, is a way to cope with these issues because it serves as a relaxation technique that reduces stress levels and anxiety. Abbey L. Dvorak published her peer-reviewed scholarly journal on cancer patients in the

Research Critique 1 Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE Research Critique of "The Influence of Personal Message with Music on Anxiety and Side Effects Associated with Chemotherapy" Jennifer Robey BSN Duke University N 307 Spring 2005 Research Critique 2 Research Critique of "The Influence of Personal Message with Music on Anxiety and Side Effects Associated with Chemotherapy" Introduction The introduction of this article does give you a sense of the importance of the problem area. The area being talked about in this article is how fear and anxiety can negatively impact a patient receiving chemotherapy. The authors then go on to say that relaxation techniques can be used to decrease a patient’s anxiety

and even dissatisfaction with their lives. However, when these feelings arise music in a way

This article’s purpose was to compare the effects of Music Therapy (MT) versus Music Medicine (MM) impacts on cancer patient’s psychological outcomes and pain. Music Medicine is pre-recorded music for symptom management which is planned by a profession music medicine therapist. The therapists typically do not stay in the room while the patient listens to the music. On the other hand, Music therapy purpose is for psychotherapy use and is also trained by a professional music therapist and they interact with the patient composing or preforming live and improvised music. To study the impacts between MT and MM the researchers conducted a cross over-trail. The study included thirty-one cancer patients from August 2012 and June 2013 urban hospital

Listening to music can be a noninvasive method for reducing the anxiety level without any adverse effects. The aim of this study was to explore whether music can reduce anxiety and to compare two different styles of music, informal classical music and light music, to ascertain the more effective style of music in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy without

Looking back at the patient in case 1, it is important to look at other ways to treat the patient 's depression. The patient’s depression lead to other things, like her hopelessness and anxiety, as addressed in my nursing diagnoses. It is often helpful to look outside of medicinal practices to find ways to help our patients. I was able to find literature addressing interventions that discussed relaxation techniques to help patients with depression, more specifically music therapy. I wanted to answer the clinical question: does music therapy improve depression among older adults? I wanted to look at a population of older adults, since my patient was 87, and the intervention of music therapy as opposed to no intervention, and the outcome of improved depression. I found two articles on this topic: Effect of music on depression levels and physiological responses in community-based older adults (Moon Fai Chan, Engle Angela Chan, Esther Mok, and Fionca Yuk Kwan Tse, 2009) (Article 1) and Effects of music on depression in older people: a randomised controlled trial (Moon Fai Chan, Zi Yang Wong, Hideaki Onishi, and Naidu Vellasamy Thayala, 2011) (Article 2), which both looked at music as an intervention for older adults with depression. I used the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Research Evidence Appraisal tool to evaluate both articles.

Pain, increased weakness, decreased intake of food and fluid, altered breathing patterns are some physical symptoms often experienced by the terminally ill (Kouch, 2006 as cited in Leow, Drury & Poon, 2010). Treating pain in the terminally ill is very important and challenging for nurses. Therefore, it is important to use both pharmacologic and nonpharmacological methods to reduce pain. The ability of nurses to use music therapy as a nonpharmacological method to manage pain in the terminally ill is a phenomenon of great importance to nursing. Terminally ill in this literature refers to patients with cancer that have six months or less to live and patients that are hospice or are undergoing palliative care. This literature revealed that using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), significantly less posttest pain was reported in the music versus the control group. Cancer patients that listened to soft music in addition to using analgesics experienced increased compared to those using analgesics alone (Huang, Good, & Zauszniewski, 2010). Furthermore, statistical difference was noticed between the groups for mood level and oxygen saturation during live saxophone performance (Burrai, Micheluzzi, & Bugani, 2014). In addition, this research indicated that music may have a more positive effect on females and elderly than younger and more educated males (Chan, Chung, Chung, & Lee, 2008). The

reasons: A. it kept my mouth busy, and B. it kept my mind off the overhead of