1: The era of the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe was largely defined by imperialism and nationalism. How did these concepts influence the manner in which the world wars were fought? In what ways are they global ideals? How did these notions cause the wars to become global in nature? What role did the colonies play in the wars? What changes did the wars bring to relationships between European countries and their colonies? Imperialism is the concept of European dominance of non-Western lands through economic exploitation and political rule. Nationalism, on the other hand, is an ideology that says that all people derive their identities from their nations, which are defined by common language, shared cultural traditions, and sometimes …show more content…
When war broke out, these rivalries led to different sides of war. One nation’s ally’s enemies were also their enemies. Furthermore, the countries that were overtaken by European nations such as Britain, Germany, and Russia were often forced into battle on the side of their rulers. Nationalism was also a cause of the Great War because this form of extreme patriotism placed the interests of one’s own country above all other countries. Citizens of any one particular country thought that their nation was without blame, that their enemies were in the wrong, and that a European war was both necessary and winnable, no matter the size of their military. Nationalism and imperialism were both global ideas because the majority of European nations could be described as such during this time period. Imperialism created an extensive web of allies and enemies that was extremely intertwined and difficult to unravel, which caused both the Great War and the Second World War. While nationalism and imperialism are underlying causes of both World Wars, imperialism was a cause to a lesser extent of World War II. By this time, many nations were fighting for and winning their independence. The World Wars, World War II in particular, led to a change in the relationships between European nations. By the end of the Second World War, Germany was seen, almost universally, as the nation to blame for the catastrophic events of the 1930s-1940s. The Allies became
Militarism was another factor, and the threatening behavior when powerful countries involved in powerful alliances begin forming unbeatable weapons would not have affected war had there not been a prior fear that war would be coming. England produced a ship made to kill in attempt to prove to the Germans that they still owned the sea, and this kind of behavior is what triggered an additional rise to the pressure building in Europe. Nationalism relates closer to imperialism because it was due to nationalism that imperialism was not always successful. When the European powers attempted to invade and take over China, they were unable to due to the unity of the Chinese people, and also the interferences by other countries. This nationalism prevented countries from extending control over many people, for rebellions occurred and changes had to be made.
In my opinion, nationalism and alliances are the two factors that drove Europe toward two world wars in the first half of the twentieth century. Based on the facts, world war one started as a result of several different causes with the climatic event being the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary while World War 2 was started as a result of the left over tensions residue over from the First World War. This then leads the second factor in my opinion, the alliances. In a perfect world alliances are meant to protect the countries that form the alliances. It is meant to show strength in numbers and stop other countries from attacking. In the case of the two world wars, while the alliances did strengthen those that form
Nationalism is one of the major causes of WWI. Nationalism had spread itself all over Europe and largely influenced in many countries. Every single capable country is greedy for power and competitions are getting more intense in warfare. According to Howarth, he stated that there are two forms of nationalism: “the nationalism of the great power, who wanted to extend their boundaries and their influence to make them even more powerful; and the nationalism of groups of subject people who wanted to set up their own independent national homelands and states.” (Howarth 16). Most of the major powers of Europe
It can be argued global competition fueled by nationalism, imperialism, and militarism along with shifts in the balance of power and alliances, led to WWII. The unresolved issues of the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression, the failure of the League of Nations, and appeasement each play a part in causing WWII. These factors can be traced back to global competition, thus proving it as a spark that ignites WWII.
During the 19th and 20th century, Europe witnessed its so-called demographic transition, with a fall in birth rates and an even greater fall in mortality rates, which led to a rapid increase in the population. The demographic transition was essentially a result of a decrease in chronic infectious diseases like tuberculosis, syphilis, diphtheria, measles, dysentery, and typhoid fever.
“Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes people and sucks their blood like a vampire”- Karl Liebknecht. This quote is significant to World War I because it means that imperialism spread quickly, bringing large armies and destruction wherever it went. World War I was a huge war that lasted for four long, difficult and destructive years between the Allies and Central Powers. In this war, the Allies (which included Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States) fought against the Central Powers (including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). Both went to war against each other sparking World War I, but what was the main cause or reason for them fighting in this war? There were four main reasons for starting WWI and these reasons were: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. First, militarism is the use of armaments in a war. Second, alliance is a treaty done between two or more nations. Third, imperialism is the taking over of countries. Last but not least, is Nationalism. Nationalism is the devotion towards your country. Out of these four main causes, militarism and imperialism were the two causes that greatly impacted the Great War.
In analyzing the Churches of Christ today as they grapple with women in leadership, Lesley F. Massey points out that "those in the Stone-Campbell Movement who, in contrast, supported increasing women's rights in the nineteenth-century were able to do so by rejecting the traditional interpretation of relevant biblical texts such as 1 Cor 14 and 1 Tim 2, and in turn by moving away from a slavish biblical literalism." This turns the attention back to the issue of hermeneutical legacy- the adherence to a literalism which is rooted in a commitment to take the Bible at face value. Unfortunately, what has become apparent in the modern day hermeneutical commitment to understanding cultural differences, language nuances, and thematic content, is the
Nationalism and revolutions, industrialization, and imperialism have been the three most influential developments of the modern period. Nationalism is a political ideology characterized by identification with one’s nation. Often, nationalism can create a sense of belonging and identity which can result in revolutions and a fight for independence. However, it can also often lead to imperialistic actions and the deeply rooted belief that one’s own nation is superior to another nation.
1. The 19th century was a time of change with the Industrial Revolution affecting the economy, society and politics. The steam engine expanded industries. Western Europe saw many inventions during this period as well as the notion of developing national identities. Russia was emerging from feudalism during this time and did not embrace industrialization. Russia had become one of the most powerful countries in the world and was able to play a role in European affairs after especially after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814. The English society in the 19th century was called the Victorian era because of the long and peaceful reign of Queen Victoria. This time appeared to be dignified and restrained but there was child labor, prostitution, and
The nineteenth and twentieth century were very devastating times in the world not just for North America, but also in Europe politically and economically. This has been very devastating times in this world not just on North America, but also in Europe politically and economically. During the nineteenth-twenty’s, the economic crisis was hitting hard. Trade barriers and devaluing currencies were the only way the government had of protecting themselves. International trade and free trade among countries was getting harder, with tariffs and taxes on extra products. The stability of the international monetary system was also on the line and solutions needed to be made to assist for the nations. Free trade during both centuries was still
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the academic social sciences were divided into specializations. Historians covered Europe, the Mediterranean, and European expansion; the areas of China and Japan, as well as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Persia were the filed of study for orientalists; anthropologists covered the topics of contemporary people of Africa, the Americas, and South East Asia; and the rest of the world fell into the laps of sociologists or economists . Historians largely focused on single societies1. They largely looked at the building of nation-states, commercial economy, industrialization, and imperialism1. During this time, historians had a very ethnocentric and Eurocentric view of world history. Since most of the scholarly
The late nineteenth century and early twentieth century was a time of strife in Vietnam.
As mentioned earlier, Europeans powers and Japan start looking for land and resources in other places. “The period between 1870 and 1945 was characterized by sustained and intensive imperial activity that remapped significant portions of the globe”. In what became a fierce competition for land and resources, the “territorial accumulation became both a symbolic and material index of national power and international standing: advocates of colonialism in recently unified nation-states of Germany and Italy as well as in Meiji Japan gave particularly strong expression to the idea that an extensive empire was a crucial indicator of a nation’s strength and modernity.” This element describes the feeling inside European powers about their colonial policy. A deep nationalistic feeling about the competition for land was prevailing. New powerful empires were built thanks to the land and resources controlled in other parts of the world. The German empire was an example. But “World War 1 ((1914-1918) marked the end of this empire: some German colonies were seized by rivals at the outset of the war, while the remaining territories were redistributed among France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan under the provision of Article 22 of the Treaty of Versaille.”
The 18th century in America became a time of growth of independence and religious freedoms. People began searching for developing other ways of worship, including revivals, outdoor sermons, and more inclusive baptisms. This enabled more people to experience religion, allowing people to decide for themselves which way of worship was right for them. Along with growing religious independence, the nation itself began to establish itself as a unified entity. The colonies began thinking of independence, away from the control of England. However, one group, enslaved Africans, remained separated and excluded from the nation’s unification. The use of slaves, common during this time, established the African race as inferior and almost inhuman.
There are many things that change societies and nation in the nineteen-century one of these things is modernity. It emerged in Europe, especially in French and British than it establish to all European countries. The term modernity has many synonym words in the whole world like modernity, industrial period, and post modernity.