Football has seen itself undergoing a paradigm shift in the past decades. As European football grew into the gigantic monolith it is today, an inflow of money found its way into the coffers of the Union des Associations Européennes de Football (UEFA). The Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations were initiated in principle to create a level playing field between clubs owned by business tycoons and those who are a bit more moderate in comparison. It is a sad sight that today, European club football is in truth, nothing short of an oligopoly of about ten clubs. This distorts the competitive balance not only among them, but among leagues all over Europe. Even though the FFP has been roped in to prevent this there have been widely publicized doubts over its claims of causing a harmonised and tighter regulation for all European clubs. It might be ineffective owing to its incompleteness, plausible inefficacy and humungous costliness. Even though the regulations are welcome with regards to controlling debt, hopes that it will make football more ethical and competitive, are foolhardy. Only time will tell as to how the ‘beautiful game’ will respond to FFP and how ‘fair’ and effective it really is.
KEYWORDS: Football, UEFA, FFP, club, regulation, European
3. INTRODUCTION
It is always desirable for a sense of fairness to be involved in all spheres of life, be it anything. Even more so in the case of sporting events; for irregular disparities are often reasons for an
Sportsmanship matters not only in sports, but also in the rest of our everyday lives. In any competition,
When it comes to sports men and women are rarely given equal opportunities to excel. This is the case in soccer specifically, as many individuals over look women’s soccer. Women are having to play on turf fields which is causing more injuries compared to men playing on natural grass. Men also make more money per match and they receive money if they lose, whereas the women do not receive any money if they lose a match. While women are becoming more successful, the men’s team has been around longer and bring in more media coverage and endorsements for the league. Despite the discrepancies found in media coverage of both teams, the US soccer federation and Federation International Football Association should provide equal opportunities for both men’s and women’s soccer teams.
The Olympics are held every four years and are used as a global stage for many thousands of sportsmen and women who come from many different countries around the world to demonstrate their abilities ranging from running to rowing. In theory, the Olympic Games are supposed to be free from any politics and be purely about the athlete’s competition and celebrations. It is supposed to be non-gender, non-religion and non-race biased to show the accomplishment of the athletes that compete. Sporting officials are also supposed to be un-biased offering equal opportunities to all athletes.
* Equity affects nearly all aspects of our lives none less than sports such as beach volleyball. Sport is an integral part of today’s society and as such, sport should be organised, participated in and distributed in an equitable manner.The aim of equity in sports is to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disability or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport. Disputes over equity have been apparent in our society for hundreds of years, over such things as gender, religion or race. A framework developed by Figueroa deals with equity. It consists of five levels that link together – individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural and cultural. The following paragraphs demonstrate the use of
Disparity in the quality of facilities for boys’ and girls’ teams. The OCR found that the softball field is below the quality of the baseball field.
An issue that has been a well-known topic of conversation recently is the subject of college athletes getting paid or not. This issue has been circulating amongst sports fans throughout the country. Everyone from the fans, players, parents, and media groups all have opinions on this matter. Over the past ten years college athletics has gained an enormous amount of popularity and income from American audiences. As a result of this, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has been debating about collegiate athletes getting paid for their participation and I am going to discuss the reasons for why people are for it and why people are against it. The real questions most people are wondering is: Is it ethically right to pay college
During the selling of NCAA Football games by EA sports, some schools made up to $140K a year while the players received nothing. Other events, such as the FBI crackdown of college staff members paying high school athletes to commit to the college they’re apart of, as well as the release of LaMelo Ball’s signature shoe (which led to him signing to a Lithuanian team in fear of his NCAA eligibility being revoked due to him receiving money from the shoe) has only mounted to the importance of the debate of whether college athletes should be paid or not. Combined with suggestions from former college athletes, ruined dreams due to injuries, to players losing NCAA eligibility, it is clear to me that they should stop being overly restricted and
about getting a part time job. So they would have more time working on their sport and would have energy for classes. The athletes would not have to worry where they would get their money if the NCAA paid its athletes. If the athletes do not have to worry where they are going to get their money from, then could could spend more time perfecting their game and would also help them have more energy to do well in their classes too (“Top 10 Reasons College…”). These would also lead them to be more competitive towards whatever sport they are playing because they have more energy to work for it. When someone have been working all day one something, they usually tired right? Well this is the exact scenario for college athletes every single day. The
With the number of clubs which have participated in the UEFA competition over the past 12 years, a sample size of 6 teams will be selected for this dissertation. These clubs who must abide by Financial Fair Play regulations to participate in their competitions are Arsenal, Manchester United, Chelsea, Manchester City, Liverpool and Tottenham. It is also important to note that all clubs selected in this analysis has expense greater than €45 million, as UEFA’s break-even rule is subject to an exception of an acceptable deviation up to €45 million if the shortfall is covered by equity investment. As the Financial Fair Play has been in existence since 2010, financial statements and balance sheets for the selected clubs and the league have been
Although, the case study of Manchester United gives us a good example of a brand’s ability to globalize, it does not give us a clear picture into how a league as a whole accomplishes these same goals. To get this clear picture of a successful global soccer league we can review a case study by Matthew Holt that examines the UEFA Champions League and its ability to succeed. The UEFA Champions League(UCL) was established after the UEFA European cup started to see more revenue increases based on the increase in television and digital technologies. (Holt, 2007) The goal of the UCL was to increase revenue through a newly structured European club soccer league. The first way that UCL accomplished this was through centralized marketing. This was accomplished through selling the television rights as the UCL brand rather than allowing the clubs to individually sell the rights to the games. This increased the value of the television rights and in turn increased the profitability of the clubs. (Holt, 2007) UEFA sold this UCL brand
Racial ideology continues to have an influence on the sporting world, and on the sports and recreational options for Americans. In a diverse American society, we need to be conscious of the lingering effects of racial ideology and seek to eliminate any of these remaining effects. The effects are numerous. At the professional and collegiate levels, there are differences between the way that power is distributed. Managers and coaches are almost always white, even in sports where the players are largely African-American. Ethnicity also can contribute to similar outcomes the number of foreign-born coaches in MLB, the NHL and NBA is almost nil, even as percentages of foreign-born players are steadily increasing. In addition, people are still affected at the youth level as well, as opportunities in sports and recreational are not evenly distributed. There needs to be increasing awareness of how the lingering effects of racial ideology still affect people today.
Are Footballers Really Paid Too Much? England international Wayne Rooney is paid £300,000 a week whereas doctors are paid the same amount each year. However, in my opinion footballers are paid the right amount because they provide entertainment for the public worldwide and help people who are less fortunate. Firstly, huge footballing fans pay thousands of pounds every season to see their favourite team play week in week out.
In this assignment I will be exploring the ways in which Internal and external factors have an impact on the core revenues of Clubs and how clubs themselves can potentially help put the factors in their favour. Topics such as Fans and their behaviour and Player conduct on and off the pitch will be explored. Things that can occur which clubs have little or no power over – such as a major political shift – which can affect a clubs income will also be covered.
It has been suggested that the UCL is a product of societal evolution. After forty years without change the European Cup had become commercially obsolete to broadcasters and sponsors due to the lack of guaranteed matches involving Europe’s biggest clubs (Ahlstrom, 2002). The knockout format allowed for clubs who would bring in large sums of revenue to be eliminated after merely two games.
The main stakeholders of football clubs, their 'stake' in the organization and legitimacy of their interests.