The Frontier Of Commercial Space On Low Earth Orbit

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is perhaps the most well known space agency in the world. Since its formation in 19581, it has pioneered in space science, yet is also renowned for its large budget. NASA has the highest budget of any space agency, $18.6 billion2 in 2015, the equivalent of every American paying $54 towards the agency3, meaning 0.14% of total GDP is spent on NASA3 . This money is spent on the ISS, sending astronauts, probes and satellites into space, astrophysics and planetary science research, maintaining and developing NASA’s space telescopes (the Wide Field Infrared Survey telescope searching for dark energy and exoplanets, the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope) and developing spacecraft2. Space exploration is an incredibly expensive process with one shuttle launch costing $450 million4 however NASA’s colossal budget benefits the USA greatly; the agency employs 18,000 people5 as astronauts, engineers, scientists and teachers and G. Scott Hubbard, former director of the NASA Ames Research Center estimates that every dollar spent on NASA returns $8 to the economy6.While this figure is an estimate, it demonstrates NASA’s worth and capacity for money making. NASA works on pioneering research and as its patents and licenses return to the US treasury, it

In the past 50 years, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has sent out many planned space exploration missions which have lead to numerous advantages in society and culture. NASA’s technologies benefit American lives with the innumerable important breakthroughs by creating new markets that have spurred the economy and changed countless lives in many ways. NASA is a federal agency and receives its fundings from the annual federal budget passed by the United States Congress. However, there are conflicting opinions that consider whether or not funding for NASA is a waste of government spending.

The Boeing Company designs, develops, manufactures, sells, services, and supports commercial jetliners, military aircraft, satellites, missile defense, human space flight, and launch systems and services worldwide. It operates in five segments: Commercial Airplanes, Boeing Military Aircraft, Network & Space Systems, Global Services & Support, and Boeing Capital. The Commercial Airplanes segment develops, produces, and markets commercial jet aircraft for various passenger and cargo requirements; and provides related support services to the commercial airline industry. This segment also offers aviation services support, aircraft modifications, spare parts, training, maintenance documents, and technical advice to commercial and government customers. The Boeing Military Aircraft segment researches, develops, produces, and modifies manned and unmanned military aircraft, and weapons systems for global strike, vertical lift, and autonomous systems, as well as mobility, surveillance, and engagement. The Network & Space Systems segment researches, develops, produces, and modifies strategic defense and intelligence systems, satellite systems, and space exploration products.

Space exploration is an inherently worldwide endeavour that attracts broad international interest and affects people all across the globe producing knowledge, capabilities, and relationships that help society deal with some of the most pressing long-term global challenges. Another popular benefit of space travel is the jobs it creates. The fact that a space agency and its network of contractors and universities help people stay employed is amazing. More than 18000 people currently work for NASA and many more people work for the company as government contractors. They are hired by companies that NASA pays to do work for them. Now we’ve been told by recent study that there is 11,800 jobs to be created per year by space

The space race was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred during the Cold War. They competed for dominance in space technology and spaceflight, which spurred many significant inventions and events. Some of these inventions and events include the first-ever landing on the moon, the first artificial satellite to be launched into the Earth’s orbit, the establishment of NASA, the invention of the microprocessor computer, the invention of satellite communication technology, and other direct and indirect impacts. Each of the different events and inventions that spawned from the space race have had significant impacts on the United States economy.

I would contend that the story that professor Bell presented is pretty tangible and plausible. I am not saying that we can pull certain historical event that much the extremity of Prof. Bell's story, but we can find certain events that can approximately fit the Space Trade event.

The 20th century was a complex and eventful time period for the Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (also known as the USSR or Soviet Union) survived and advanced through a century that consisted of revolutions, changes in leadership figures and policies, and events such as World War II and the Cold War. As this union experienced a period of so much change, there is no doubt that these events had a variety of large impacts on the history and culture of the Soviet Union. However, a certain series of events and explorations that also reached a peak during this era often took a more subtle route of impact on Soviet society and culture. Space exploration in the Soviet Union and across the world took a huge leap forward toward the end of the 20th century. Namely, the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States of America lasted from the 1950’s to the 1970’s and engaged the country in an intense competition to the moon. While the Space Race did focus on achieving greatness in space, a deeper analysis showed that it revolved around the desire to obtain supremacy in not only the spaceflight sector of the world, but also as a powerhouse nation in general. The United States and the USSR pushed each other to complete the first to launch into space, send humans to space, and finally to reach the moon. Ultimately, one of the largest ways that the Space Race incluenced the culture and people of the Soviet Union happened through the creation of

Space exploration needs to start happening again because the US is starting to fall behind other countries such as Russia and India. Neil Degrasse Tyson says in his book, Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier, “The Soviets sent the first multi-person crew and the first international crew into orbit. They made the first spacewalk, launched the first space station, and were the first to put a manned space station into long-term orbit” (Tyson 122). The Soviets beat the US to everything other than the moon. The Space Race was a competition between mainly the US and Russia. Neil Degrasse Tyson says in his book, Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier, “the USSR held that high ground until 1969, when, courtesy of von Braun and colleagues,

Simberg is a very credible author who has been recognized as an expert in space transportation by the Office of Technology Assessment. He also has a degree in engineering from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and an MSE in technical management from West Coast University

In his Op-Ed article in response to the Falcon 9 rocket explosion on September 1st, “We Love You SpaceX, and Hope You Reach Mars, but we Need you to Focus”, Eric Berger, the author, lists objectives that SpaceX has set for itself and its contractual partner, NASA. Berger explains that following the static fire anomaly on Thursday 9/1, SpaceX needs to shift its focus from satellite launch contracts and colonizing Mars to fulfill their fiduciary responsibilities with NASA. In this article, Berger his suggests that it is all about priority and SpaceX’s responsibility to honor them. SpaceX’s lack of progress in achieving the goals of its primary supporter - NASA, has left much to be desired. Eric Berger succeeds in persuading me though the appeal to ethos, logos, and pathos, the importance of addressing and honoring the covenant that they made with its funding partner. Therefore, I agree with the author as he suggests, SpaceX would help themselves considerably by pushing for the completion of the commercial crew contract.

Going to space is a privilege worth training for, no doubt. Most astronauts only use the same rocket once, but what if there was a way to reuse the same rocket over again. Well, there is all thanks to SpaceX and their reusable rocket The Falcon 9. The Falcon 9, weighing in at 4.85 metric tons, adds up to $61.2 million. The Falcon Heavy, weighing 6.4 mT, costs $90 million. The Falcon Heavy is a stronger version of the Falcon 9. It has 27 engines instead of just nine. These 27 engines allow it to life heavier loads and, without a load, can accommodate for an engine failure and still run. Both of Falcon Heavy’s boosters work together at liftoff and during flight. The center engine is at full thrust. Afterwards the core engine

Considering the Airbus forecast of 1550 VLA passenger aircrafts and large cargo aircrafts market in the next 20 years, it would be smart to prepare launching A3XX. With Airbus “cross crew qualification” technology, they could earn more than half of the VLA market. To commit of launching A3XX, it would require 20%-30% of minimum airplane order of 250. Airbus would need 50-75 A3XX order to commit on A3XX.

Boeing’s management plan shows determination to improve through creation of new more members of their airplane family (commercial airplanes). This would also be achieved through integration of military platforms, systems for defense and the war fighter by use of network-centric activities. Boeing plan is also inclusive of creation of improved technology to solve problems across all business units. Boeing plans to e-enable airplanes where automation is the key to this development. Finally, Boeing is determined to arrange for financing solutions to its customers. Through this it will be able to attract more potential customers. Moreover, it can also be able to establish a better relationship with its customers through provision of incentives and sales promotion.

Due to customers’ needs and requests, Boeing has expanded its product line and services. The long tradition of aerospace leadership and innovation has given the company the advantages. Its broad range of capabilities includes creating new and more efficient commercial airplane, integrating military platforms and defense systems through

Additionally, the UAE is going to be the leader of the Arab world in the space industry, which, as U.S. citizens experienced in the early 50’s there is something about space programs that inspire a sense of excitement. While it is indeed a high-tech industry that cannot, by its nature, employ the masses, there is no room for those who do not truly have the knowledge in their field of subject matter expertise. This has a strong potential for the opening of these high-tech positions to qualified female candidates who out perform their male counter parts. Societies of course take a long time to change but, it will be increasingly more difficult for males to subjugate female employees of these advanced industries to backwards interpretations