The Health Problem Of Interest

Sickle Cell Anemia is a very serious disorder and people suffer from it every day. It is a genetic disorder that causes the hemoglobin in the red blood cell to distort and form into a sickle like shape. The name comes from the shape of the blood cell after it is mutated. A person who has sickle cell anemia got it from inheriting from the parents. It is the most common inherited disorder in the United States. It is also has four other names this disorder can go by HbS, Hemoglobin S Disease, SCD, and Sickle Cell .(https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov)the blood cell is formed wrong turning it into a sickle or crescent shape. Sickle cell is only a disorder. It can also be treated a lot of different ways.

Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia.

This occurs when the red blood cells of a person with the disease has an abnormal form of hemoglobin called Hb-S. Instead of the biconcave disk shape, the red blood cells are long, stiff, rod-like structures, making it easier for the cell to rupture. The cells also have difficulty moving through blood vessels and can cause clots (Tortora and Derrickson, 2014). As of now, the only cure for sickle-cell anemia is a bone marrow or stem cell transplant, though there are various treatments that can ease the symptoms and prolong life (CDC, Jan 2016). Sickle-cell anemia is very dangerous to have as the patient would experience blood loss and require blood transfusions, and they would also be exposed to infection (CDC, June 2016). The disease is inherited and is most commonly found in populations with ancestors from sub-Saharan Africa, Spanish-speaking regions, Saudi Arabia, India, and Mediterranean countries. In the United States, about 1 in 365 African-American births have sickle-cell disease (CDC, Feb 2016). In areas where malaria is prevalent, there is selective pressure for sickle cell trait (individuals who have one sickle cell gene and one normal gene, also called carriers). It is accepted that there are multiple mechanisms for how the sickle cell gene can block malarial infection (Gong et al., 2013; Bunn, 2013). A mechanism described in early studies proposed a model where P. falciparum is unable to grow and develop due to the oxidative stress placed on the red blood cell. In a sickle cell trait red blood cell, the cell would become sickled due to oxygen consumption from the parasite (Bunn, 2013). Other mechanisms include impairment of adhesion, and inhibition of transcription by host microRNAs (Bunn,

Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic disorder dealing with the hemoglobin within the red blood cells the individual has hemoglobin S (1). This causes the red blood cell to become gelatinous when deoxygenated (2).

Sickle cell is a blood disease. People with sickle cell anemia have crescent moon shaped blood cells that are hard and sticky. When the Sickle cells move through blood tubes, they can clog blood flow and break apart. This can cause main, damage, and a low blood count. The symptoms of the disease are not life threatening, however are not enjoyable. Sickle cell anemia can cause you to experience dizziness, headaches, and shortness of breath. Your skin may also turn more yellow or pale than it usually is. Sickle cell is an inherited disease. It is an unpreventable disease that you are born with. If you have a sickle cell gene, you do not have sickle cell, however your children have a 25% chance of having sickle cell anemia. This blood disorder can cause pain and discomfort but it is unlikely that your life will be in danger if you have the disease.

The term sickle cell infection (SCD) depicts a gathering of acquired red platelet issue." Normal red blood cells are shaped like discs or donuts. They are soft and flexible so they can easily move through very small blood vessels"(anonymous, 2015).Individuals with SCD have anomalous hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red platelets. Hemoglobin is a protein in red platelets that conveys oxygen all through the body. The most well-known sort is known as, sickle-cell frailty (SCA) and there is A few Types of Sickle Cell Sickness: Hemoglobin SS, Hemoglobin SC, Hemoglobin SD. In the Unified States, a great many people with sickle cell illness (SCD) are of African family line or recognize themselves as dark. About1 out of 13 African American children is

Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a passed down blood disorder that attacks and destroys the red blood cells. This Disease was first discovered back in 1910. The disease was first described as a clinical entity by Herrick1 in 1910 (Anderson & Ware 1932). Sickle cell sickness is brought about by a change in the hemoglobin-Beta quality found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body. Red platelets with typical (hemoglobin-An) are smooth and round and coast through veins. Typical red platelets are round like doughnuts, and they travel through little blood tubes in the body to convey oxygen. Sickle red platelets turn out to be hard, sticky and molded like sickles used to cut wheat. At times these blood cells can become crescent shaped and have a hard time passing through small blood vessels, this keeps red blood cells and the oxygen they carry from getting to all parts of the body. This causes less blood to reach the body at this point the tissues that have not received a normal blood flow will become damaged. Individuals who have sickle cell

Sickle cell disease is categorized as an autosomal recessive disease. That means in order for one to inherit the disease, they must inherit two recessive alleles for sickle cell disease, or hemoglobin S gene. Having only one recessive allele makes you a carrier. The disorder causes the affected person’s red blood cells to disfigure into a crescent or sickle, which differs from the normal red blood cells that shaped into a doughnut. Sometimes, cells in a sickle shape cannot get through the narrow passageways of the blood vessels as easily as normal red blood cells. This blocks blood from entering and oxygen can’t reach the affected person’s organs. It can also crystallize and block arteries and

Sickle cell disease is a hereditary blood disorder caused by an abnormal hemoglobin in the red blood cell. Hemoglobin is a type of protein that carries oxygen in the body. In order for someone to have sickle cell disease they would need to have been passed down from at each one of their parents, by inheriting a total of two hemoglobin genes. The fact that this is a hereditary disease means that it is not considered to be contagious. This disease comes in about six different forms, but the most severe of them all is sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell is an inherited disease that affects the red blood cells causing debilitating symptoms, however, with treatment people with this disease can quite possibly live an otherwise

So what exactly is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells due to the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin, namely hemoglobin S. Sickle cell has a lot to do with natural selection and is known as genetic disorder. You may never know who will have it in your family. It will not affect everybody. Sickle cell effect the red blood cells in your body. The red blood cells in your body begin to become deformed. They begin to look, “crescent shaped and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels, which could slow or block blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body.” The cresset shaped is where sickle cell gets its name from. When sickle cell mutates in your body, it begins to effect the muscles and even could possible effect the oxygen flow into your body. When the oxygen is blocked, this causes pain and even harm to your organs and even muscles. When this happen, this effects a person ability to be active. According to web MD, “Severe pain is an emergency called acute sickle cell crisis. A person may not know what brought on the pain, but infection and dehydration are common triggers.”

But what does this mean, well first a mutation is an abnormality much in the way that cancer is an abnormal growth within the body. These are mutations, unfortunately we don’t get the same types of mutations that the X-Men have. Our body’s are made so that everything perfectly fits in each hole or socket, well red blood cells are normally round and smooth. Red blood cells are designed to be able to flow smoothly through blood vessels which is why they are smooth and round. Like mentioned earlier Sickle cell anemia is a mutation of the hemoglobin or the blood cells themselves. The blood cells stack on one another into long tube like structures. The cells become sickle shaped and become rigid. The sickling starts on the chromosome 11. While the cells are stacking up they are damaging vital organs such as the lungs and the heart. Everyone gets a copy of the hemoglobin gene from each parent. If both genes are carriers of the sickled trait, there will be high probability that the offspring will have Sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell is not contagious and cannot be caught, it is passed along genetically. Through research we have found that there are different types of the sickling disease. There is Hemoglobin SS (Sickle cell anemia), hemoglobin SC and hemoglobin sickle betathalassemia which is known as Mediterranean

Thousands of years ago, a genetic mutation occurred in people from the Mediterranean basin, India, Africa, and the Middle East. As the Malaria Epidemic attacked people of these countries, carriers of the defective hemoglobin gene survived. Carrying one defective gene means that a person has a sickle cell trait. Two parents with the trait will produce a child with sickle cell anemia. People of these countries migrated and spread to other areas. In the Western Hemisphere, where malaria is not much of a problem, having the abnormal hemoglobin gene has lost its advantage. Any child born from parents that each has the trait will be born with the disease.

Sickle Cell disease is a blood disorder that is inherited from both parents. This disorder is more usual in certain ethnic groups: African Americans, Arabs, Greeks, Italians, Latin and Native Americans. Normal red blood cells are very adjustable and are circular in appearance, there flexibility and shape allow them to journey freely through small blood vessels called capillaries. The red blood cells develop into crescent or sickle shaped and also become inflexible. The abnormal cells attach inside the capillaries closing blood flow to vital organs.

Sickle Cell Anaemia is a very serious genetic order. Its symptoms are weakness, chronic, tiredness, joints and muscles deteriorate, stomach pain, and mental dysfunction.

Sickle Cell Anemia is a group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans (Ashley-Koch, Yang and Olney). Sickle Cell Anemia causes your red blood cells to be thin, stiff, and shaped like a sickle. But your red blood cells are supposed to be round and soft. A person that is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, their blood cells start to become clogged, causing blood clots, which can cause a great amount of health issues including: infections, stroke, and acute chest syndrome. People get sickle cell anemia by inheriting a mutated gene from both of their parents. On the down side, there is not currently an effective cure for sickle cell anemia, there are several different therapeutic approaches to treating and attempting to cure the disease and help people who are affected with sickle cell anemia better manage their symptoms. There have also been several great scientists that dedicated a lot of research to help find a cure for sickle cell anemia.