The History of Carbon

Coal: A Human History was written by Barbara Freese to focus on the history of coal and how mankind has used it as part of their lifestyle. Ever since the times when early nomads used the slash-and-burn method, coal has been around acting as jewelry for the Romans and as fuel for peasants and the noble class in Britain. Coal was in such high demand that many inventions were utilized for the convenience of retrieving it from intolerable conditions such as vacuums and the construction of more efficient underground tunnels. The book gives insight of how this small stone has been so vital to humans that they were able to adapt to the ways coal best functions.

The Chalcogens group of elements is comprised of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. Joseph Priestly discovered the element Oxygen in 1776. Priestly loved to experiment and did many experiments of carbon dioxide, even with his meager money intake. These experiments led him eventually to experimenting on the isolation of oxygen. Although Priestly was the

Dating to the prehistoric times, carbon have already been founded as the charcoal by Egyptians and Sumerians. The founder’s name is still unknown. Carbon’s name comes from its Latin name carbo which means burnt wood. Although, the use of carbon was from a very early time, people never see it as an element until Robert Boyle’s discovery in seventeenth century.

You can identify a long-trend in the data provided by Globalview because it provides you with different sources and data from different areas around the world. Humans have increased the release of CO2 by like cement production, deforestation, and burning fossil fuels.

The Carbon Cycle is an important key to maintaining all the life on earth alive. The Carbon Cycle happens between all living things, so they all play a major role in it. It is the second most abundant element that makes up living things. Carbon affects the atmosphere throughout the years because the carbon has to travel to and from the living things.

The following quote supports this theme because the discovery of that carbon monoxide cannot be absorbed by a body after death led to innovations in forensic science in the courtroom. Ever since forensic sciences had started, they were not really taken seriously as evidence in the courtroom. Often forensic toxicologists were forced to prove themselves to jurors by poisoning cats or swaying flasks of chloroform in front of them to prove their work. Now, they would be taken seriously with a testimony and statistics. Through experiments with deceased people and carbon monoxide Gettler proved that “soaking in carbon monoxide for hours after death had no effect at all…without breath, carbon monoxide was just another gas aimlessly swirling in the air” (144). This connects to biology because you need to be able to inhale carbon monoxide for it to have an effect on you. Once breathed in, carbon monoxide bonds to the transport protein hemoglobin, muscling oxygen out of its path. The result is carboxyhemoglobin, which is transported to your cells through the bloodstream. You soon die because your cells are staved of

Coal: A Human History was written by Barbara Freese to focus on the history of coal and how mankind has used it as part of their lifestyle. Ever since the times when early nomads used the slash-and-burn method, coal has been around acting as jewelry for the Romans and as fuel for peasants and the noble class in Britain. Coal was in such high demand that many inventions were utilized for the convenience of retrieving it from intolerable conditions such as vacuums and the construction of more efficient underground tunnels. The book gives insight of how this small stone has been so vital to humans that they were able to adapt to the ways coal best functions.

After the war in Europe had ended, the United States’ needed to terminate their participation in World War II. In order to end the war, military action had to be taken against the Japanese so cause them to surrender. The only issue was finding a way to carry out an attack that would have low casualties and funding. During the war, the Japanese soldiers fought to the death, including mass suicides and attacks by kamikazes, or suicide bombings in planes. A land invasion, such as D-day, could have caused a large death toll on Japan, and also cause many Americans to lose their lives. The United States believed that to end the war they must make a critical blow to the Japanese. Thus the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings were born. The bombings

Carbon is what all life is based on. Oxygen sustains life. We most certainly would have not lived had our universe not been guested by Carbon and Oxygen. As mentioned on NYU.edu, Carbon is “…a very special element because it plays a dominant role in the chemistry of life”

The Atomic Age, composed of complex and controversial issues, has forever changed our world and the way in which we live.

Carbon has been known in ancient times in a variety of forms such as soot, graphite, diamond, and charcoal. However, scientist did not realize that all of these items shared the fact that they all contained carbon until 1772. In 1772, Antione Lavoiser named carbon as an element and completed a variety of experiments to learn more about it. Lavioser is credited with the discovery of carbon.

As early as 400 BCE atoms were believed to be the building blocks of all matter. The atom is made up of three subatomic particles protons (p+) , neutrons and electrons ( e-). Protons have a positive charge and can be found in the nucleus along with the neutrons who have no charge. Protons, along with electrons, tell you the atomic number of any given element. A positron is the opposite of an electron and contains the same mass and spin of an electron but they have a positive charge. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons equals the mass number. The mass number connects matter to it’s antimatter, they are equivalent in value while the charges are opposite. This attraction cause the corresponding matter particles to annihilate each other.

Calcium is an alkaline earth metal that is too reactive to be found isolated in nature (Dobberpuhl 2004). It is the third element of group 2 on the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 40.075 and its atomic number is 20 (Calcium 2000). The name calcium originated from the latin name calx meaning lime (Facts 2013). In 1808 Sir Humphry Davy isolated calcium by electrolysis of lime (CaO) and mercuric oxide (Dobberpuhl 2004). Calcium now forms 3% of the earth’s crust (Facts 2013), is used in pollution control and used in cigarette and other lighters (Calcium 2000).

All allotropes of carbon are a solid under normal, unaltered conditions. Carbon is chemically resistant and calls for high temperatures to react with oxygen. It is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, and the second most abundant element in the human body. In fact, all life forms have some form of carbon. Carbon's allotrope's characteristics vary greatly from one to another.

In his book “Carbon Democracy”, Timothy Mitchell discusses how coal power plants, despite their environmental impact, increases democracy in a building when compared with oil/gas based energy. By the 1980’s, the British labor have had the ability to form unions and strikes against the government, particularly to overthrow prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The series of strikes due to the National Union of Mineworkers was, according to Mitchell, the longest in British history. On the other hand, similar efforts in Dhahran, Abadan and Kirkuk, along pipelines at the coast of Lebanon and Palestine, proved to be difficult for oil workers. The reason behind the different democratic possibilities is the nature of each technology: Coal is transported