The History of the Kurds

The ancient kingdom of Kush was a civilization of vast and advanced cultures and governments that lasted for approximately 1500 years. Throughout those years, the ancient Kush has developed and maintained various distinct features in order to control and adapt to its way of life. But to set ancient Kush’s records straight, we need to closely observe how they developed as an independent kingdom and their main features.

Starting from the Northern region of Mesopotamia, the Assyrians came to power in the 19th century. The Tigris River was the Assyrians starting point in building there empire through central Egypt. On the other hand, the Persians rose to power from the base by defeating the Assyrians with coalition of Babylon and an Indo-European people named Medes from Persia, modern day Iran, and build an even larger empire the world had yet seen. There empire started from Tigris goes to Greek cities to Anatolia and kingdom of Lydia. Both empires has used different military, government, artistic, and religious tactics to establish their empire.

Nevertheless, the Kurds believe that the threat of intolerant Shiite Arabs coming into power requires a formidable response to ensure their security (Source C). Even though the foreign affairs pose a threat to the Kurds,

The beginning of the twentieth century was a very horrifying beginning for the Armenian race. Over 1,500,000 Armenians were enslaved, raped, and murdered by the Ottoman Empire and Young Turk government to abolish the Armenian race from their inherited lands. The Ottoman Empire and the government of Turkey committed Genocide to the Armenian race. This is called the Armenian Genocide today, which was a major stage in the human struggle for Armenians. I will discuss the history of the Armenian race, their struggles throughout history to present, and give analogies to topics discussed in class, which can be related to the Armenian Genocide.

The Ottoman Empire feared their empire was crashing down ,so they held an assembly to rid the Armenians (Krajeski). During the Armenian Genocide , the Armenians were victimized by the Ottoman Empire. It is imperative to educate others about genocides so it can prevent further losses.

In the Armenian Genocide, the Turkish government put into motion a plan to murder and massacre several Armenians that lived in the Ottoman Empire. One of the main reason the genocide began was because the Armenians were asking for more equal rights. The Armenian Genocide was not necessary.At the time of the massacre.there were about 2 million Armenian’s in the Ottoman empire. By the time the massacre ended, there were about 1.5 million Armenians dead, many were also removed from the country. The Armenians were discriminated by the Ottoman, many Armenians began to ask for equal rights because of the tend toward constitutional governments in Europe. There was a decline of power in the ottoman empire and major military losses during WWI, which

The Genocide was executed by the Turkish government, against the Armenian Empire between 1915 and 1918. Mehmed Talaat,, Ismail Enver, and, Ahmed Djemal or the 3 Pashas gained power in the Turkish government. The 3 Pashas overthrew the government in 1913 to unite all Turkish people and to expand the Turkish empire eastward. They thought of creating a empire, called Turan,Including with one language and religion, but there was one problem going eastward, they have to go over the Armenian Empire, So to continue their expandment, they came upon the decision to mass slaughter the civilization

In 1915, the Ottoman Empire had slaughtered 1.5 million Armenians living within the same state.(Adalian) It is a tragedy; it is a genocide. People mustn’t forget the devastating events of the past; they must be heard and known. Genocides happen all the time and almost no one is aware, open your eyes people; innocent people are being slaughtered for things they cannot control such as the color of their skin, their ethnicity, the current economic or political status of their country. It is wrong and must stop! In this paper, the main focus is the Armenian Genocide, which ended in 1923.

The Armenian Genocide, what many call the first genocide of modern times, occurred during World War I when many Armenians were deported from their homes in Anatolia, Turkey. The Turkish government assumed that the Armenians were sympathetic to Russia, who the Turks were at war. This mass deportation resulted in the deaths of about 600,000 to 1 million Armenians.

From April 24, 1915 to 1922, one of the most horrific tragedies in world history took place. The Armenian Genocide was a catastrophic event that was caused by the intolerance of Armenians by the Turkish government. From 1514 to 1918 the majority of Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire under a treaty which allowed the to continue practicing their religion even though the Ottoman Empire was mostly muslim. For many years the Armenians flourished in the Ottoman Empire, but due to their tendency of being better educated and wealthier than the Turks, speculation grew that the Armenians would be more loyal to Christian governments, such as the Russians. This speculation turned into a profound hatred, as the Ottoman Empire was falling apart and Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s bigotry towards the “unloyal” Armenians caused the Turkish government to set out on a mission to exterminate all the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire.

In cases such as the Turkish-Armenian conflict, contrary sources are available. Several sources claim that the conflict was in fact a genocide, whilst others maintain that a mass ethnic cleansing was never even thought of by government officials. This issue arises because of a variety of perspectives from which historical accounts are told. However, there is physical evidence from both the Hamidian Massacres (1894-1896) and the Adana Massacre (1909) which clearly indicate that there was a significant and harmful attack on the Armenian people who lived within the borders of the Ottoman Empire. Armenians were subjected to subhuman conditions in concentration camps, not unlike those constructed by the Nazis in Germany, which included malnutrition and disease. Despite the plethora of information regarding the Ottoman Empire’s actions toward the Armenians, it is still denied in an official capacity by the Turkish government to this day.

Kassites- Nomadic people from the Zagros Mountains who spoke non-Semitic language, and by 1460 B.C.E. a Kassite dynasty had come to power in Babylon. Names were kept from their language but otherwise embraced Babylonian culture and ways. During their time in power they defended a core area, and traded raw material but no conquests for land were made. (66-69)

Turkey's key internal conflict centers on the role of its large Kurdish minority, ethnically and linguistically distinct, in a state that constitutionally consists of Turks.

Kurdistan is a region that has existed in turmoil and is the “never was” country. The Kurds are the fourth largest ethnic group of the Middle East, numbering between 20 and 25 million. Approximately 15 million live in the regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, an area they called Kurdistan, yet they do not have a country of their own. Formal attempts to establish such a state were crushed by the larger and more powerful countries in the region after both world wars. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I, the Kurds were promised their own independent nation under the Treaty of Sevres. In 1923 however, the treaty was broken allowing Turkey to maintain its status and not allowing the Kurdish people to have a nation to call

Persians are Iran 's biggest ethnic group, however almost twelve different ethnicities represent well over 33% of the seventy nine million population. The biggest ethnic groups, which are main considerations for Iranian governmental issues are Azeris, Turkish, Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis, Armenians, Lors, and Turkomen. Other smaller ethnic groups are Qashqai, Mazandarani, Talysh and Gilaki. They hold many of the seats in the current parliament. Ethnic minorities are a delicate political issue, which is one reason precise numbers in legislative issues and the military are not effortlessly