The Human Genome Project Essay

The Human Genome Project was an international research effort of the human genome, conducted in an effort to map out the ladder of human DNA. This project was ran by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy. These agencies allowed researchers to truly understand the blueprint of a person, having major impacts on the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and life sciences. However, this project has had a few legal implications, and has caused serious concerns regarding their privacy and ethical guidelines. The Human Genome project should have more ethical restrictions on its applications, because it is a violation of privacy and has the potential for misuse and discrimination.

The focus on genes as the primary mode of biological explanation has been especially clear in the marketing of the Human Genome Project. In support of this project, Robert L. Sinsheimer, biologist and former chancellor at the University of

It was thirty-one years ago that researchers from around the world sat down to commence what would be the world’s largest collaborative biological project. The Human Genome Project holds many clues about diseases caused by genes and how scientists can translate this knowledge in the area of gene-therapy to treat and cure genetic disorders. The Human Genome Project, in my opinion, is one of the greatest achievements made by mankind and ever since its completion in 2003, I've always wanted to contribute to projects like these.

One of the most complex organisms on the planet is the human itself. Of all the discoveries and expeditions made to explore earth and beyond, perhaps one of the greatest endeavors was an internal one instead. Genetics has seemingly held the key to why humans are what they are, why some contract diseases, and why others are born with it. It helps trace evolutionary ancestry through comparison with other organisms, and understand the vital components of life. None of this would have been dreamed of possible had the Human Genome Project not been successfully completed. This project was set out to completely detail every gene in the human body, down to each base pair. The impact of this project is so vast, that there is still more to discover

International scientists recently made a watershed breakthrough in medical technology that promises to generate paradigm changes in medical treatments. More than a decade ago, scientists at the Human Genome Project finally mapped the genetic blueprint of Homo

In 1990, the science world began a vigorous new exploration of human DNA- the Human Genome Project. The goal of this project was to map out all the human genes (An Overview of, 2015), which ultimately led to a deeper understanding of all genes, not just a human’s. This deeper understanding also helped scientists to progress further in the technology of recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA is when DNA from different cells is spliced together, creating a new strand (Kuure-Kinsey, 2000). Recombinant DNA is often used to genetically change a cell, which is known as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering can be used to prevent and alleviate symptoms of various diseases, by pinpointing and fixing the gene that causes them. It enables organisms to

The Human Genome Project is a global initiative to map the approximately 100,000 genes present in the genome of humans. Planning for the project was started in 1989 with a proposal submitted by the Office of Technology Assessment and the National Research Council. In 1990, the actual project began under the joint leadership of the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy. The goals of the project are as follows:

The human genome project is an international effort that serves as a possible solution to the many diseases that affect billions of people worldwide. This project is a great milestone in the field of genetics as it allows scientists to determine the sequence of genes in chromosomes which will show where disease causing mutations are occurring and what can be done to reverse it. Looking back in time, many of the diseases which could be cured were done by administering drugs and certain types of therapies. As the complexity of technology as well as advancements in the understanding of our bodies increased, more diseases became curable through these very drugs and therapies. However, many times individuals find it hard to deal with the side effects that these solutions create. The human genome project aims to make disease and illnesses curable more efficiently and to become readily available to individuals throughout the world. It is therefore necessary the that society begins to accept this project as the new frontier in medical treatment and prevention of diseases. By having a greater investment and understanding in the Human genome Project, the scientific community will determine more information about DNA to develop treatment plans, prevention methods, and develop cures to diseases that affect humans; thus yielding medically important information for society.

Patents are used to protect the gene sequence worldwide where the patent owner considers there will be a viable market in that area (Merz and Cho,2008).Patenting genes have become popular after the human genome was complete and became more a topic that people debated about (Caulfield and Gold, 2000). The patenting system in gene sequencing is important to discover new medicines and other advances in healthcare (Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2002). The European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) are looking for ways to develop the current patenting and licensing system in order to make the public handle the situation in a well manner, respect to the current legislation (European Journal of Human Genetics, 2008). Being quite a controversial topic there are a number of ethical issues that arise from the society which will be discussed below.

Thirteen years have passed since the human genome has been decoded. From then on, we knew exactly what makes us human: a string of code telling our cells what to do. Unsurprisingly, the public’s imagination had never been so zealous in discerning what a single biological discovery meant for the future of humanity. Thirteen years ago, news sources buzzed with hot-topic articles warning us of designer babies and man-made crops. Based on the frantic journalistic climate of the time, one might think us normal people would soon be replaced by post-humans. To find crude evidence for the decade’s excitement (or disdain) for the upcoming human genetics revolution, one needs only check google search trends for words like ‘genetic enhancement’ or ‘designer baby.’ Interest peaks around 2003, the year of the human genome project’s conclusion (figure 1). Today, many are not interested in current genetic events. Despite the public’s dwindling interest in the human genome, the scientific community a been working along with increasing fervor.

(3)The idea of the Human Genome Project came from an undergraduate researcher for the Thomas Hunt Morgan lab called Alfred Sturtevant, who, in 1911, had to map the genes of fruit flies so that he could manage his data. This would then mean that the Morgan lab can track the results through generations of scientists because they would have his results which they could compare future experiments to. This would then lead to the results being more accurate as they would have a set of results to relate to once they have completed the experiments. Therefore, this would mean that it would make their results would be more reliable.

Embedded deeply in our body is the complex biological story. The Human Genome Project is the exploration of this intricate yet crucial storyline. The Genome is a complete set of genes that make up an organism. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxynucleic acid) which subsequently is made up of long paired strands. These paired strands attach in a specific manner, for example, Adenine (A) attaches itself to Thymine (T) and Cytosine(C) to Guanine (G). The genome is the perplexing key in instructing cells to do their duty. Cells interact together to create tissues. Tissues connect together to create organs. Organs function together to produce an organism.

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institute of Health (NIH). The HGP began in 1990 and was scheduled to be completed in 2005. The goals of the project are to identify all the genes in the human genome (estimated to be 80,000 - 100,000 total) and develop the complete human DNA sequence. After the sequencing is done, a database with all the sequence information can be made and data analysis tools can be developed to use the information. The HGP will then have to consider ethical, legal, and social issues.

Twenty institutes from China, France, Germany, Japan, UK and the USA took part in the project. A famous one from the UK was the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute “a leader in the Human Genome Project” (Sanger, 2013). The partners in the Human genome project have made their results available to scientists around the world for free.

Today I will be defining the Human Genome project. This is a project to study, research, implement, and produce a DNA sequence of the Human Genome System. The human genome project is working to try and find a way to see what every gene in the human body actually does. They have already done a DNA sequence of human genes. They discovered the human body has more proteins than they first thought; now they have to see what each protein does. When they discover this it might be feasible to actually re-grow human body parts.