The purpose of this essay is to discuss the ideas of two architects who have been considered as the pioneers of Modern architecture in Britain, Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew. These architects have implemented their concepts of modern architecture and its own elements, in the construction of Chandigarh, a new city in India, which is the capital of two states Punjab and Haryana. The Sir George Birdwood Memorial Lecture by Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew talked about the construction of modern India. They explain one of the most important parts of their Five-Year Plan that relates to housing and architecture; besides, the division of the city in sectors and the implementation of roads for providing security access to each sector, especially for the slum places was taken into consideration. In addition, they talk about housing indicating the way they manage to build the respective houses and public places such as hospitals, schools, shops and others. At the beginning of the lecture, Fry provides some information of “The Plan”; explaining that the project was meant to be finished in five year and that it was inaugurated in 1951. He pointed that in those days, over the 80 per cent of Indians were farmers and for this reason, India had a massive fertile land. They had to look after some projects in order to provide electrical power and irrigation over the entire city. Fry stated that “the key to modern city planning lies in definition of function”1. He explained that at that period,
Frank Lloyd Wright once said, “Every great architecture is-necessarily-a great poet. He must be a great original interpreter of his time, his day, his age.” In other words, movements of architecture become movements because of individuals who fabricate their own new styles. Wright states this by saying every architecture reflects his/her time period with originality.Throughout history there have been many great architectures who have worked in many different styles of architecture, such as Gothic, Byzantine, Craftsmen, and Prairie. Many architectural styles such as Romanesque and Gothic went from being a style of architecture to defining a whole period in history. For example, the Craftsmen style of architecture, which originated from the Arts and Crafts movement, went on to define that time in history. Frank Lloyd Wright and the Greene brothers both have exquisite styles of architecture with many similarities and differences in which they pioneered themselves. Wright and the Greene brothers both share similar ideals of architecture in which can be found in their different styles today.
Question 1. Choose an architect or practice whose work is covered by or relevant to this course and discuss critically one or more of their design projects or drawings or urban proposals as precedent case-studies. Selectively situate this work in relation to their body of work, and against the practices and concerns of the period. Focus on the architectural qualities of a specific key aspect of the design of the projects. Selectively consider how they might relate to the historical situation, cultural values, theoretical concerns and design practices of the time. This may involve a selective analysis of compositional design practices, material fabrication production and the experiential reception of built outcomes of the projects.
The eighteenth-century city was a place in which actual physical space was subjected to a complex mental layering of conceptual spaces, focusing on the design theory of architects as Boullee and Durand, with his charts. Which legacy was continued later on through the architecture of Paul Philippe Cret, Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Kahn, some of the most outstanding modern architects of 18th-19th century. Furthermore, distinctive features of neoclassicism and outlines
This book was written by Juhani Pallasmaa with regard to ‘Polemics’, on issues that were part of the architecture discourse of the time, i.e. 1995. It is also an extending of ideas expressed in an essay entitled “Architecture of the seven senses” published in 1994.
Although, most post-modernist architects had been associated with modern architects in terms of training during the twentieth century, they refused most their teachers ideas. In addition, today's architects cannot deny the modern architecture ways of designing any building. Their design, for instance, has many philosophical meaning such as constructional, environmental, sociological, commercial and metaphorical meaning.
The term “Mid-Century Modern” is used to broadly describe a style of architecture and furniture design that was prominent during the post-World War II years.
“The best that can be said of the conception is that it did afford a chance to experiment with some physical and social planning theories which did not pan out. “ This quote reflects Jane Jacob’s philosophical ideas in an attempt to criticize the social housing’s design approach and its associated urban planning in modern era. “The physical and social theories” outlines the urban planning idea of social housing (Utopian idea) and according to Jane’s statement, such experiment of these theories were deem to be unsuccessful. It is inevitably certain to some extent that a provocative statement towards modern era social housing approaches would hold true due to the minimal success the plans brought to the city, such as solving the working class commendations temporarily. Nevertheless, it is a failure to deliver long-standing social improvements corresponded with the increasing suspicion of modernism, one cannot simply attribute ill fate to its “innovative physical features” (As Jane said, the Utopian and Utopia), but should rather considered a range of other elements in the larger aspect of society: factors such as difficulty of racial integration, problems of financing and management, lack of bridging between architecture and planning, as well as the increasing preference of suburban lifestyle from the rising mid class. These problems reflected evidently in some stereotypes of social housing communities built in the modern era such as Pruitt-Igoe, sunny side Gardens, Paul
Different architects have different styles because they are trying to get at different things. Architecture is not just about making something beautiful anymore, it is about trying to get across a set of ideas about how we inhabit space. Two of the most famous architects of the twentieth century, one from each side, the early part and the later part up until today each designed a museum with money donated by the Guggenheim foundation. One of these is in New York City, it was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The other is in bilbao, Spain, and it was designed by Frank Geary. My purpose of this paper is to interrogate each of these buildings, glorious for different reasons, to show how each architect was expressing their own style.
Describe and evaluate the relationship and influences between an example of a C20th art movement and architectural expression from the same period.
Charles Correa began his career when India became independent. He always worked towards designing building which had Indian ethics and western modernity at the same time. Correa drew inspiration from the historical buildings and vernacular architecture. He inculcated western modern designs of abstractions and transformed them into Indian imagination. His work depicts a certain playfulness of colour panes, light and shadows. Awarded by the Royal Institute for British Architects, Charles Correa believed that the architecture has lost it’s true essence and is now all about whims and odd fashion. In all his projects, Correa demonstrated a strong relationship between the environment and the emotion related to it,
I believe in God, only I spell it nature. On June 8, 1867, Frank Lloyd Wright was born in Richland Centre, Wisconsin. His father, William Carey Wright, was a preacher and his mother, Anna Lloyd Jones, was a teacher. Wright grew up in Madison, Wisconsin for the majority of his childhood. He would work on his uncle’s farm during the summers; where he developed his deep appreciation for nature. Wright would preach the importance of organic architecture and building within nature. “No house should ever be on a hill or on anything. It should be of the hill. Belonging to it. Hill and house should live together each happier for the other.” To some individuals he was a social rebel; Wright had many controversial political views were shunned by the public and he was famous for his unrelenting demeanor. However, no individual could argue Wright’s architectural expertise. Among all of Wright’s appealing designs, the most notable designs were his Prairie style designs and his Usonian designs. Frank Lloyd Wright, was one of the most famous American architects in the world and the greatest architect of the twentieth century. Wright’s continuous contribution towards the history of architecture and the world of architecture is insurmountable, especially, considering the ingenious development of his architectural style over a career that lasted nearly seventy years.
The objective of this essay will be to indicate an understanding of the formal characteristics of the architecture and design of Post Modernism as well as the affect that the architect, Philip Johnson had on this movement. It will also indicate an understanding of how Post Modernism was influenced and shaped by the political, economic and social beliefs of the time.
There are different ways of invitation to tender. Once the client chooses to take the project in mind further, either directly approaches the contractor or through an architect. Client directly approaches the builder for the simple or low value work such as house decoration or house extension. The builder comes to the premises where the job will carry out, client explains the job and awaits for the offer. Then builder’s estimator measures the work, price it and makes the offer according to builder’s own terms and conditions.
Ever wonder what it’s like to be an architect? With skills like drawing and math it could be something worth doing. Having the ability to write for long periods and stay inside all day sitting aren’t bad traits to have either. Why wonder what it’s like to be an architect when one can be an architect? With some different skills that can easily be obtained, some schooling, and
Le Corbusier began working on the master plan of Chandigarh, India, in 1951 (“About Chandigarh”). The city was intended to serve both as the administrative seat of the newly partitioned state of Punjab and as an architectural symbol of Jawaharlal Nehru’s burgeoning democracy, writ in the future-facing language of European modernism.”