Scaphoid Bone Essay

She said, she fell last night while playing volley ball. She landed on her right shoulder and heard a pop sound, too. She did not take any pain medicines. She applied icepack and felt burning pain. This was an interesting musculoskeletal assessment case. We assessed her right shoulder and compared with the left one. We found slight dislocation of the shoulder joint. She had good circulation in her right arm, no swelling noted in the right hand and the capillary refill was < 2 secs. Mary said, since she had burning pain, it could be a nerve injury, too. We also noted a slight swelling of her trapezius muscle on the right side. She complained of pain on palpation. Mary applied a sling to her right arm to keep it elevated. She may need an MRI to see the damage. Mary sent her to the urgent care. She told her that, since she heard the popped sound, the ER or Urgent care doctor can replace it. It will be a painful procedure, and she will need a strong pain medicine. She gave her the note for her teacher and asked her friend to drive her to the urgent

The clinical signs of this fracture are swelling and pain in the scaphoid region, tenderness in the “anatomical snuffbox”, pain on axial compression, pain while pronating the hand, and painful pinch grip2. Radiological diagnosis consists of a scaphoid series of X-rays: Anterior-Posterior, lateral, semipronated and semisupinated views2. In cases of so-called "occult" fractures, the fracture is not visible on the radiographs, if the clinical signs are highly suggestive of fracture a 2 week period of cast immobilization is recommended, followed by a repeat X-ray series2. If further investigation is required, CT and MRI scans can also be implemented.

A unique case I saw Dr. Hart treat was a young bull rider who had a possible broken ankle. Dr. Hart has an X-Ray Technician in the clinic that took pictures of the patient’s ankle. The images are then sent to a local hospital for a radiologist to read. Dr. Hart can also make a preemptive read of the X-ray scans. In this case, the patient’s ankle was determined to be sprained.

For the human joint anatomy project, our group decided to research and construct the elbow joint. The following is a report and summary of the project including roles taken, challenges faced, solutions derived, and ultimately, contribution and experiences of both partners.

As per office notes dated 5/4/16, the patient is seen for bilateral elbow pain and bilateral wrist pain. She rates the pain as 3/10 with medication and 7/10 without medication. She is active for at least six hours a day and has energy to make plans. Her activity level has

One time in 7th grade I was going over some hurdles in practice. It was right before a meet, and my foot got caught on one of the hurdles and i fell. I landed on my wrist and it hurt. When I got up, I looked at my wrist and it was swollen and I couldn’t move it or feel it. I went up to coach and asked her if I could go get some ice, I did.

*insert article *attachedBesides being able to see the inside of a shoulder, doctors use different physical tests to evaluate the shoulder in order to determine what type of injury and how severe an injury may be. One such test was recently developed by Dr. Carl J. Basamania at the Womack Army Medical center in Fort Bragg, N.C. The test was developed to evaluate shoulder instability in a patient. During the test the Dr. or examiner stands next to the patient who is to lay flat on his/her back. The hand of the examined should is held firmly by the examiner. The examiner then pushes against the clavicle to stabilize th scapula, while they also gently hold the pectoral muscle with their thumb in order to be able to assess relaxation. The examiner then rotates the arm form neutral to full external rotation. If the patient has AIGHL incompetence there is a lack of tightening as the arm reaches full external rotation. The test has appeared to be highly accurate and may be of value to Dr.'s and surgeons alike. After doctors have determined what type and what degree of injury a patient has sustained using various tests it is on to the next step, rehabilitation.

Doctors with collect data pertaining to a patient’s medical history and also perform a physical examination. The examination will include the upper extremities and the discomfort level of the patient while completing everyday activities. The physician will examine the arm carefully looking for swelling, discoloration, or warmth. Every finger will be evaluated for sensation and the muscles surrounding the arm will be tested for strength. X-Rays will be used to also test for underlying disease’s such as arthritis and fractures which will ensure the diagnosis of CTS. The Tinel Test is a test performed to test the median nerve in the wrist. The exam will consist of applying pressure to the nerve and if tingling is felt by the patient he or she is positive for

608) puts forth in their report that the glenohumeral joint is the most movable joint in the body that is at the risk of decreased stability, therefore, complex interaction between static (osseous, soft tissue stabilizers) and dynamic stabilizers (tendon-muscle complex) commands elaborate balance and synchronicity. Any disruption in this intricate mechanism can lead to shoulder instability. In the research study of Rerko, Pan, Donaldson, Jones, & Bishop (2013), the examiners systematically interrupted the glenoid bone to show if it has any effect on the stability of the shoulder and if there is any impact, what imaging modality would be the best to demonstrate it to guide the surgeon in repairing the shoulder instability. The researchers used fresh cadavers shoulders and strategically created defects to the glenoid bone. Imaging modalities such as X-rays, CT scan, and MRI were taken. Measurement of the specificity and sensitivity of the various diagnostic imaging were made, and 3D CT scan has demonstrated a very high specificity and sensitivity compared to the other imaging tools. Furthermore, Bishop, Jones, Rerko, & Donaldson (2013, p. 1255) asserted the significance of preoperative 3-D CT scan to determine the anterior shoulder instability with a concern for a osseous loss of the glenoid bone. The authors believe that 3D CT scan is the most consistent imaging modality in providing an estimation of the bone deterioration compared

The symptoms of pain, numbness, tingling or weakness are the result of the inflammatory process within the carpal tunnel that leads to compression of the median nerve. The compression and resulting impingement of the median nerve results in ischemia. The ischemia leads to the symptoms of numbness, tingling, pain and weakness of the hand and/or forearm. The FNP should inspect the wrist and hands of the patient with symptoms of CTS, looking for skin color and temperature changes, deformities and muscle wasting. The active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists and fingers should be accessed. Muscle strength should be assessed at the shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers. Spurling’s test for cervical radiculopathy should be performed. A plain x-ray can be ordered by the FNP if ROM of the wrist is limited. The FNP should also assess capillary refill of the fingers (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas,

1- Which metacarpal and finger serve as the midline of the hand around which abduction and adduction of the fingers are described? The third metacarpal, or better known as middle finger, is the one that serves as the midline of the hand.

Imaging of musculoskeletal disorders began in the early 1900’s with the invention and utilization of radiography and fluoroscopic equipment (McKinnis, 2014). Evolutions in imaging now allow for clearer digital recorded images of fluoroscopy, radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (McKinnis, 2014). From the beginning, imaging has not been an isolated or sole diagnostic tool. The clinician’s expertise in the evaluation process, the comprehensive evaluation and assessment of the patient, documented and reported patient history, associated signs and symptoms, and the additional medical test results along with red flags must be taken into account when considering referral for imaging (Dutton, 2012; McKinnis, 2014). There are several clinical prediction rules and guidelines, which have been created to assist health care providers in managing the utilization and prevention of inappropriate imaging (Dutton, 2012; Gan, Harkey, Hemingway, Hughes, & Duszak, 2016; Gidwani et al., 2016; McKinnis, 2014). Based on the aforementioned information, not all spinal patients will require or should receive spinal imaging.

The participants included 87 individuals (28 men, 49 women) with various shoulder dysfunctions who were assessed during a routine clinical evaluation and consented for shoulder arthroscopy. Also, all individuals were required to have a magnetic resonance image (MRI), to have completed the dedicated special tests of interest in the study, and to have a detailed diagnosis after arthroscopic surgery.

The back of the hand is called the dorsal side. The half of the hand from the middle finger to the thumb is called the radial side. The other side is called the ulnar side. There are 27 bones within the wrist and hand. The wrist itself contain 8 small bones called the carpals. The carpels join with the 2 forearm bones, radius and ulna, forming the wrist joint. Further into the palm the carpals connect to the metacarpals. There are 5 metacarpals forming the palm of the hand. One metacarpal connect at each finger and thumb. Small bone shafts called phalanges line up to form each finger and thumb. The main knuckle joint is formed by the connection of the phalanges and the metacarpals. These joints are called the metacarpophalangeal joints. These joints work like a hinge when you bend and straighten your fingers. The three phalanges are separated by interphalangeal joints. These are defined as proximal, distal and medial interphalangeal joints.The joints in the hand are covered on the inside with articular cartilage, this white shiny material is has a rubbery consistency. The function is to absorb shock and provide an extremely smooth surface to provide motion. There is articular cartilage everywhere when two bones are moving with each other // or

Globally, Musculoskeletal disorders are on the rise. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) states that more than half of all the chronic conditions in the elderly are due to joint diseases. Open Orthopedic Imaging makes it possible for physicians to view detailed images of a patient’s ligaments and tendons, cartilage, in addition to bony structures. By taking advantage of this technology, physicians can diagnose patients more accurately for better outcomes.