Impact of Psychological Slavery on Attachment and Trust in the Intimate Relationship between African-American Men and Women By Sametta Hill Argosy University Twin Cities Date Committee Chair (degrees) Committee Member (degrees) Table of Contents Research Question What is the effect of Psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American male and female? Introduction Most research studies today explains the relational problems of African-American couples inability to stay together in terms of contemporary factors such as substance abuse, gang violence, the racial achievement gap in academic performance, low-income, mass incarceration, absentee fathers etc. Missing from this picture is the historical foundation that disrupted the attachment and trust in this relationship; as well as the, effect of intergenerational trauma on attachment and lack of trust on the contemporary intimate relationships between the African-American man and woman. This paper will use a historical lens to explain the impact of psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American man and woman from a family systems perspective not the individual or couple dyad. Attachment Theory will be used to explain the attachment and trust ruptures in the intimate relationship. Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) is suggested as a treatment approach that may help the couple repair the attachment ruptures.
This is proof that this terrible act was very typical within slaveholding societies. Now, just because this relationship seems usual in the south, it does not mean everyone condoned it. The wives of many slave owners proved they were not okay with a white male and a black female relationship by the way they acted with “anger and resentment” towards other slaves (McLaurin, 26). Wives chose to ignore this behavior simply because if they didn’t, not only would their lives be in danger, but so would their children’s.
During the mid-1800s, it was challenging being a slave. Belonging to another human being instead of being free brought numerous hardships African Americans had to endure. It brought about unimaginable pain, frustration, disruption, and stress. In America, slavery was glorified, even though, families were separated and destroyed. Slavery made it tedious to have stability in families because of the effects it had on the African American people. After reading “How Affected African American Families” and “Narrative of Jenny Proctor,” slavery caused African American families to cope with separation, unfair marriage stipulations, horrible living condition, mistreatment and labor, and also the ending of slavery.
The peculiar institution, also known as slavery, has perpetuated the slave’s mentality amongst black Americans . Before becoming enslaved and dehumanized in America, they black slaves were people. African people. Slave masters first had to enslave the minds of the African people to create slaves. This process was so potent that it became hereditary in the generations African American to come in one way or another. In 2014 America, blacks now internalized a worker’s mentality rather than an owners mentality. From a very young age black youth know that they have to get a good job for survival. America impresses an idea, and young black people accept the idea, that success comes through the hard work and enjoyment of the labor that accompanies the inferior success standard given. This
This article is based on Andre Brink’s novel A Chain of Voices (1982) and Yvette Christianse Unconfessed (2006) but based on the lives of escaped slaves during 1808-1835. Both present the lives of slave women and the efforts of their slave owners to hide the illegitimacy of their enslavement. These slave women had to accept their fate of being forced into having a sexual relationship with their white masters. They are raped and try to fight for their freedom must be granted to her by her slave owner. This book encouraged later historians to consider the origins of the institution of slavery, the profitability of the institution, the motives of slaveowners, the harshness of the system, and ways in which enslaved African-Americans affected the institution. This book uses descriptions of specific
Psychological abuse is characterized by non-physical acts to affect inner thoughts. As a slave, Harriet Jacobs experienced a great amount of pain and suffering while her and her family members were slaves of Dr. Flint. She narrated her experiences after realizing she was a slave at six years old. From an analysis of Harriet Jacobs’ experience in slavery, she suffered more from psychological abuse because she was treated like property, manipulated by Dr. Flint, and emotionally depressed.
The slave owner’s exploitation of the black woman’s sexuality was one of the most significant factors differentiating the experience of slavery for males and females. The white man’s claim to the slave body, male as well as female, was inherent in the concept of the Slave Trade and was tangibly realized perhaps no where more than the auction block. Captive Africans were stripped of their clothing, oiled down, and poked and prodded by potential buyers. The erotic undertones of such scenes were particularly pronounced in the case of black women. Throughout the period of slavery in America, white society believed black women to be innately lustful beings. The perception of the African woman as hyper-sexual made her both the object of white man’s abhorrence and his fantasy. Within the bonds of slavery, masters often felt it was their right to engage in sexual activity with black women. Sometimes, female slaves made advances hoping that such relationships would increase the chances that they or their children would be liberated by the master. Most of the time, slave owners took slaves by force.
During the times of slavery, colored individuals were labeled as “other” in the United States. Black families were categorized as pathological, deviant, and in need of fixing. Black families struggled a lot. Poverty rates were sky high for single women who were the head of their household, especially for Black and Latino women. They were also the face of the homeless community, which was growing rapidly. The government then decided to implement marriage and fatherliness encouragements to ease poverty which resulted in societal problems surrounding the Black and Latino women.
The narrative exhibits her awareness of the peculiar paternalism arising from the intertwinement of slavery and the cult of true womanhood/domesticity. She further notes that this form of bondage is not only enacted by husbands, fathers, and brothers, but it is also perpetuated by women themselves, who create the cage that holds them captive (Jacobs et al.,
The institution of slavery was meant to be a permanent condition for Black males. This condition lay the historical outline for structural and societal racism resulting in a degrading formation of identity within Black. Africans were imported to the United States as purchased goods beginning around 1620. By 1770, almost 700,000 people, nearly 18 percent of the Americans were slaves. By the time of the Emancipation Proclamation, that number had exploded to over 4 million Davidson, J., DeLay, B., Heyrman, C., Lytle, M., & Stoff, M. (2011). Blacks were systemically dehumanized for hundreds of years, a practice that had unique social and psychological effects on men. They worked and were whipped in fields like animals. Any resemblance of pride, any call for justice, and any measure of manhood was tortured, beaten, or sold out of them. Most were forbidden from education, which included learning to read and write Davidson et al. (2011).
During the antebellum South, many Africans, who were forced migrants brought to America, were there to work for white-owners of tobacco and cotton plantations, manual labor as America expanded west, and as supplemental support of their owner’s families. Harriet Jacobs’s slave narrative supports the definition of slavery (in the South), discrimination (in the North), sexual gender as being influential to a slave’s role, the significant role of family support, and how the gender differences viewed and responded to life circumstances.
The uncertain status blacks led to the subjugation of African slaves due to the creation of a system of permanent bonding. The advent of African slaves in North America was substantial in order to meet the large labor demand. Significantly, “Their helplessness made
The physical and psychological effects of slavery is embedded in the DNA of blacks. Slavery has a profound impact on modern black sexuality. To understand the point one, have to observe the actions, movement, language, and history of the black male and female, and what you’ll find is that they’re mirroring
Slavery had an immense impact on African American families, as the familial dynamic of the African American family was in many ways responsible for the stereotypes surrounding black families in the present moment. Not only were families the sole property of their slave owner, but there were laws restricting their rights and privileges. However, despite the fact that the African American slave family existed in a perpetually tumultuous state, there were cohesive slave families, but they faced many struggles and challenges. In particular, black women were faced with incredible hardships with regard to sustaining the familial structure. This paper explores aspects of the African American family structure during slavery, considering the effect that slavery had on black women. The legacy of slavery in the present moment is also considered, in addition to whether slavery continues to exist.
Toni Morrison's Beloved expands on the long lasting effects of slavery, and how those effects can have just as strong of an impact on generations that had never had a direct experience with it. The novel is an expansion well beyond the individual experience in slavery, but retells how the individual can be held captive by their past and their personal response to it. Beloved may be seen as a work that is primarily about women, and the slave mothers experience. However, in the male characters Toni Morrison also explores manhood in the time of slavery as well as how race and personal history can have a significant effect on it’s very definition. Throughout Beloved, it seems as though the oppression that the black characters face and the horrific
Once a slave acculturated himself to his “new home,” he found himself unable to re-establish his family ties. Even if a slave was lucky enough to find a significant other, often times they were separated by sale, as can be seen in the account of Laura Spicer and her lost love. Moreover, couples often found their children sold off to other masters never to be seen or heard from again, at ages as young as eight years old. Therefore, a slave’s life was full of perpetual uncertainty, and fear of abandonment and neglect. Their bonds of love were never enough to out-weigh the voice of