It is about fourteen years now since the outbreak of the bloody conflict in Darfur region, western part of the Republic of Sudan. The crisis in Darfur is not an unintentional tragedy, or a human devastation that humanitarian intercession can annul or solve. Darfur conflict is as not straightforward as presented in the media, which casts the clash in requisite ethnic conflicts between Arabs and black Africans. The veracity is far more messed up. It is a human being catastrophe that finally reinvented into a sadistic cycle of brutality in February, 2003.
The Darfur crisis is not only a predicament for the Sudanese, but is also a regional quandary. The crisis is menacing the peace and stability in other parts of Sudan, also its impacts transcend
…show more content…
Therefore regional and international community has taken distinctive peace initiatives to thwart the fighting and brutality. The peace efforts that compose the Darfur peace process include the N'Djamena Peace Negotiations of September, 2003 and April 2004 in Chad, the Addis Ababa Peace Negotiations of May 2004 in Ethiopia, the Abuja Peace Negotiations of August 2004 to May 2006 in Nigeria, the Sirte Peace Negotiations of October 2007 in Libya and Doha Peace Agreement of May 2011 in Qatar. All these peace agreements have not brought extensive development towards sustainable and permanent peace. Ever since the peace settlement efforts started in 2003, every peace initiative has been followed by amplified brutality, and in due course, the peace process has botched. Despite the efforts made by international community and neighboring countries in the region such Chad and Libya but still peace and stability in that region remain a paradox in the eyes of the Darfurian people.
Hence, for the purpose of realizing durable peace and stability in Darfur region, this paper evaluated the genesis and main causes of the conflict, involvement of international community and other key stakeholders and their influential participation in peace processes. Then, this paper scrutinized and analyzed the main impediments which led the failure of these peace negotiations and the study proffered policy suggestions
…show more content…
Also researcher singled out the factors which led to failure of Darfur peace process.
THEORATICAL AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
This is a chapter one and mainly focuses on critical thinking from different scholars and practitioner who give their arguments about peace process and peace landscape. Therefore, this chapter gives the in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis about peace process, peace building, conflict resolution and its theories, conflict management, the idea of the crisis and peace. The chapter also explains different theories pertaining the pace building and conflict resolution theories. This intensified by reviewing different books, academic article and magazines to solidify the arguments.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE
‘The war in Darfur” is an armed conflict in the Sudan Darfur region that began in 2003 and is still ongoing, and in 2005 it was later declared as a civil war against Chad and Central African Republic.
The citizens of Darfur were doing nothing wrong, they were minding their own business. The government begs to differ. The government wanted to use the land for oil exploration. They didn’t ask the Darfuri people to use their land, they just took over. Men, women and children were slaughtered and raped because they didn’t give up the land. The government “undertake to prevent and punish” (Raphael Lemkin pg1) which is the people of Darfur was a where of what was going on. They didn’t move their stuff they just stayed and fought in what they believed in. I believe many people would have just grabbed their valuables and taken their family and went somewhere else, but they didn’t want to do that because their neighbors were not leaving.
According to Amnesty International (2012), “throughout Sudan, the government routinely represses human rights defenders, political opponents, and ordinary civilians subjecting many to torture and other forms of ill-treatment.” Since the Darfur conflict erupted in February 2003, systematic human rights abuses have occurred. These abuses include killing, torture, rape, looting and destroying property. All parties have been involved, but these abuses have mostly been committed by the Sudanese government and government-backed Janjawid militia. These attacks have led to the death of hundreds of thousands of people in Darfur, with an estimated two million internally displaced people and another 250,000 refugees
The Darfur crisis was a horrific event because of the savage treatment of civilians that led to an immense number of civilian casualties. As of today, over four hundred and eighty thousand people have been killed, and over two point eight million people are displaced. (World Without Genocide, Worldwithoutgenocide.org). Women and children were forced to endure a systematic program of sexual assault, torture, and murder. The central government of Sudan, working largely through nomadic Arab militias, humiliates women, and tears apart families and shreds the social fabric of communities through rape. (Smart Library on Globalization, clg.portalxm.com). It is clear from these sources that the innocent civilian deaths tore apart families. After villages are attacked parents and children have had to run away from the
Darfur is the western region of the African country of Sudan. Currently, the people of Darfur have been continually attacked by the Sudanese army and by proxy-militia controlled by the Sudanese government. Families are being uprooted and starved, children tormented and murdered by the thousands and women raped without punishment. Innocent civilians in Darfur continue to be victims of unthinkable brutality. Many people have become homeless and seek protection in refugee camps in Chad. Yet despite its outward appearance, Darfur has a vast ethnic diversity and a complex, ancient system of resolving conflict. Genocide has occurred in several places around the world, but in Darfur there are certain reasons why it
In recent times, the media has highlighted the genocide that has been occurring in Darfur, Sudan. Darfur, Sudan is a country roughly the size of the state of Texas (Darfur Scores, n.d.). Genocide is the systematic killing of an entire ethnic group of people from a national, ethnic, or religious group, or an attempt to do away with them all (Darfur Scores, n.d.). Beginning around 2003, according to Darfur Scores (n.d.), “the Sudanese government in Khartoum and the government-sponsored Janjaweed militia have used rape, displacement, organized starvation, threats against aid workers and mass murder. Violence, disease, and displacement continue to kill thousands of innocent Darfurians every month.”
The global powers failed to step in quickly and took so long that a mister Eric Reeves had time to write an article called The World’s Abandonment of Darfur in which he writes “The United States, Britain and France need to muscle up politically in the Security Council now or the fate of Darfur will be dictated by the very men who began the genocide 12 years ago. This would be unprecedented in the grim history of genocide” (Reeves). Clearly, the global superpowers need to step up their game in the international community to help stop things like this from happening in the future. If these countries could not even prevent the same tragic events from happening back to back, that is terrible. Granted, the restructuring of a state can be a long and difficult project to undertake, just look at the Middle East and the United States’ involvement, but it is necessary to make sure that the same people, or any people at all, are incriminated and tortured like those living in the Darfur region were. The global heavyweights, at least, need to intervene in any restructuring post-genocide to ensure that the county does not fall back into a state in which mass killings are taking
"11 Facts About Darfur." DoSomething.org | Volunteer for Social Change. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2017.
The local farmers formed two rebel groups known as the Justice and Equality Movement, and the Sudan Liberation Army. These two rebel armies were formed because, according to Makki Sala , the government in Khartoum was accused of favoring the Arabs and carrying out a systematic ethnic cleansing in Darfur . But these two rebel groups are not the only groups who are causing problems in Darfur; a group of bandits who rape, kill and steal are known as the Janjaweed this group is claimed as the main cause of the countless massacres that are occurring in the villages of Darfur . The Sudanese government has been accused of working with the Janjaweed to fight against the two rebel army groups. This is very unfortunate to hear because the government should never be involve with a group who massacre innocent people, the government should protect its people not exterminate them because they don’t agree with their policies. Although the horrific events of the holocaust occurred many years ago the after shock of it still remain in today’s society; ethnic groups are attacked, discriminated against, even exterminated in some cases, so the united states needs to step in like they did " in December 1941, the United states entered world war II on the side of the allied forces"(United states). The U.S helped stop the civil war that’s occurring in Darfur and help save the innocent women/men and children from
Chris: There is strong worldwide consensus that the Darfur killings has been one of the most tragic human rights violations of the decade, but its status as a genocide has been debated. Many worldwide authorities have acknowledged the killings as genocide, the first of the twenty-first century. In a unanimous vote, the United States Congress declared the Darfur war as state-sponsored genocide. Some have suggested that the heinous Darfur killings are even worse than genocide. The United Nations and a number of other international organizations, however, have refrained from calling the killings a genocide, saying that they are unsure of the “genocidal intent” of the perpetrators. To determine whether the Darfur War is truly genocide, we return
The video “On our Watch,” provides the viewer with detailed accounts about the first genocide of the 21st century. The images of death and destruction in Darfur, coupled with the startling murder and rape statistics, clearly suggests that the United Nations (UN), an organization designed to maintain international peace and security failed to protect the people of Darfur from the Janjaweed militias or the corrupt Sudanese government. Although, the UN and the world had embraced the slogan “Never Again,” after 800,000 innocent civilians were slaughtered in Rwanda, history would repeat itself in Bosnia, Darfur, and Chad. Sudan’s campaign of genocide, its economic and political ties with China and Russia, combined with failed peace talks, as well
Conflicts are exploding in several states of South Sudan from time to time. To this effect; women, children and elderly will continue to suffer. Thus, this study opts to answer the following questions. First, what are the root causes of the conflict which broke out in 2013? What are the impacts of 2013 South Sudan conflict? What role has IGAD played in resolving the conflict? What are the challenges that the sub-regional body IGAD faced in resolving South Sudan Conflict? How best can stability be
The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars: Peace or Truce by Douglas H. Johnson is a phenomenal investigative account of North and South Sudan. The book should be praised for providing an insightful introduction into Sudanese domestic and foreign affairs. Although particular sections in the book are tough to understand with no background knowledge, Johnson makes his argument available to a broad set of readers. Johnson offers a precise and detailed argument that explains how the country resulted in war by the past and present history of the country. The book argues that Sudan has maintained a corrupt relationship with its borders. Johnson explains his analysis by the examples of the First Civil War, in addition to his main focus on the
From 1972 onwards, the government “usually ran Darfur through officials brought in from other parts of Sudan, mainly from Khartoum” (Darfur: Origins). What Britain did basically doomed Non-Arab Darfur to “a future as an underdeveloped colony of Sudan’s Arab-speaking Nile Valley heartland” (Darfur: Origins).
This was addressed in the UN Secretary-General’s Agenda for Peace in 1992, which found that links between the different stages of a conflict increase the likelihood of violence against civilians. The report also found that critical procedural movements would reduce the levels of violence that civilians experience when warring parties are fighting. The report also found that keys to these strategies were mechanisms like conflict prevention, dispute escalation prevention, and the limitation of the spread of violence.