Historians over the last century, while juxtaposing the mechanisms of colonialization for the three main colonial powers in the New World, have consistently portrayed France’s relationship with the indigenous population of New France as the most genial and cooperative. Unlike the Spanish invaders who enslaved large numbers of indigenous populations to fulfil brutal labor needs, or the English who established nearly instant hostile, and some would say genocidal relationships with locals at Roanoke, Jamestown, and Massachusetts Bay, “French-Native interactions are widely known for the cultural adaptations and creative innovations that facilitated trade, diplomacy, and kinship across large portions of North America (11).” Instead of challenging this view, Brett Rushforth in Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France argues that the enslavement of indigenous populations developed out of this adaptable relationship between the French colonists and their Indian allies residing in the Pays d’en Haut. The cultural, economic, and political pressures exerted by the French presence evolved the practices of traditional slave raiding and holding, which had long been conducted in the region prior to European arrival, into a system neither European nor indigenous. Bonds of Alliance highlights a topic largely ignored from surface studies of New France, specifically, the enslavement of Native people for French acquisition. Unfortunately, his obsessive
When Europeans encountered the Native Americans, the encounter was fraught with difficulties for both sides, for the Native Americans more so than the Europeans. Europeans conquered the Native Americans, forced them into labor, and spread diseases which the Native Americans had no resistance to. In addition to this the Europeans considered themselves superior to the Native Americans. Despite this, the Europeans and Native Americans, both had things the other wanted and so they often engaged in trade with each other. However, the Native Americans thought that, despite not having the luxuries the Europeans had, they were better off than the Europeans. This sentiment is exemplified in “Your People Live Only Upon Cod” by French priest Chrestian LeClerq who was traveling with the Micmac Indians. It is a documented response by an unknown Micmac leader to European, particularly French, claims of superiority. In analyzing this document, we will find that the cultures of the French and the Micmac were vastly different. We will also discover what the Micmac and the French thought of each other.
As any society does when two cultures are put together, there is assimilation and anguish. This is shown by the Native Americans and the Europeans, when the latter came to the Americas in hope of land and wealth, which did not belong to them. The Europeans encountered great diversity when stepping foot into the Americas. Cultures of the Indians had them shocked; while they regarded them as “noble savages,” the Indians had a society much more complex than any European society. They had language, government, social organization, and intellect skilled in mathematics, astrology, and astronomy. Civil interaction between the two only occurred when the Europeans needed something, such as gold, fur and land. Although they helped the Europeans as much as possible, with food and shelter, these Native cultures found themselves disrupted, if not destroyed, by the European’s arrival. In this essay, I hope to analyze the relationship between the Native Americans and the British, French, Spanish, and Dutch and how they affected one another.
European colonization changed the economy, culture, and history in general, therefore making it a hugely influential event. Not only did it change Europe, but it completely changed the New World.
The 1800s were a time of change in the world. Industry and imperialism became the main focus of many nations, no nation more than Great Britain. Britain already being a world power, lead the charge of industry throughout the world, using their far superior technology at the time to imperialize and colonize almost any nation that would benefit them. Britain was the workshop of the world and required an abundance of raw materials to fuel their industry. After losing a majority of its land in the west to American independence, Britain turned its attention to the east. Britain expanded to Africa and India both full of resources, and both full of people with different cultures, customs, and religions. When the British colonized these new lands, they changed things. Britain advanced the land and the territories greatly in terms of technology and society, it came at the expense of the native peoples.
Closely followed by Columbus’ “discovery” of the New World in 1492 were the establishments of European colonies with the French primarily in the north and down the Mississippi, and with the British along the east coast. As a result, the Native Americans’ lives changed drastically. Before 1750, in terms of economically, French responded mutually in terms of economy, culturally befriended them and in terms of religion, responded benignly by encouraging Catholicism through missionaries and on were on the best terms with the Natives; the British by contrast, economically
1. What fundamental factors drew the Europeans to the exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World? What was the impact on the Indians, Europeans, and Africans when each of their previously separate worlds “collided” with one another? What caused the shift from indentured servant to African slaves as the dominant labor force in the southern colonies?
Richard White provides a refreshing perspective on the Great Lakes region during the colonial and early national periods in regards to the developing relationships between the intrusive French, British, Americans and the indigenous Native Americans. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires and Republics in the Great Lakes Region effectively links Native American history to broader themes in American history. He presents a convincing argument of how the Middle Ground, a place the French called the pays d’en haut, allowed for mutual accommodation and an acculturative social solution to develop out of the misunderstandings and the new meanings given to older institutions. White looks to this area to show how Native Americans and Europeans together constructed a complex and dynamic world that became the multiethnic society of early America. White has written a remarkable book that further enriches the historiography of the Great Lakes region and gives us a fuller understanding of this complicated world that underwent profound historic change.
If anyone deserved to share the New World with the Native Americans it would be the French. The English, the Spanish and the Dutch all mistreated the natives, but the French showed true respect for them. The beginning of the French’s attempts to settle in the New World were rocky and took time to create a great relationship with the Native Americans. What created such a strong relationship between the French and the Native Americans was the interest to trade. The relationship was so strong that it led to trading, inter-relationships between the French and Indians and even led to them being allies in many wars.
From the beginning of the formation of the United States the British and French have held different views on continental conquest as well the value of the Native Americans. The English sought to permanently acquire more land to enlarge the empire as well natural resources due to their lack of them. The French also, wanted to acquire more land and, embark on the fur trade within the America’s. However, unlike the British the French established temporary forts and valued the presence of the Native Americans and their teachings. They often intermarried with them to establish unions.
At a surface level, historical accounts of The French and Indian War and the American Revolution are presented as wars between two sides: The British versus the French and the British verus the Americans, respectively. In each war the aforementioned opposing sides held the most crucial roles in each battle that these wars lead to. However, in this essay I will argue the crucial role of allies of each victorious side and how they were incredbily useful to the defeats of the British in the wildnerness in 1755 during Braddock's defeat and in Yorktown, Virginia in 181 durng Cornwallis's defeat. Discussing the former, I will argue the importance of the Native American's as allies to France and with the latter, the significance of the French as allies to the Americans. The aim of this essay is not to argue that without their allies, the French and the Americans would not have won the battles but that because they did have these allies, their victories occured faster, easier and with less conflict that if they had fought without allies.
When Europeans arrived in North America, they encountered the Native Americans. This encounter was fraught with difficulties for both sides, for the Native Americans more so than the Europeans. Europeans conquered the Native Americans, forced them into labor, and spread diseases which the Native Americans had no resistance to. In addition to this the Europeans considered themselves superior to the Native Americans. Despite this, the Europeans and Native Americans both had things the other wanted and so they frequently engaged in trade with each other. However, the Native Americans thought that, despite not having the luxuries the Europeans had, they were better off than the Europeans. This sentiment is exemplified in “Your People Live Only Upon Cod” by French priest Chrestian LeClerq who was traveling with the Micmac Indians. It is a documented response by an unknown Micmac leader to European, particularly French, claims of superiority. In analyzing this document, we will find that the cultures of the French and the Micmacs were vastly different. We will also discover what the Micmacs and the French thought of each other.
After Spanish settlers in the New World realized the lucrative business that came with running plantations, such as their sugarcane and tobacco plantations in the West Indies, they set in place a forced labor system known as encomienda to have the natives do all of the work for them. The New Laws of 1542 were formed after the King was made aware of the harsh treatment and declining population of natives due to disease, overcrowding, and work fatigue. Once the laws were put in place, forced labor was outlawed and natives became wards of the state that were given protection; settlers were angered by the fact that natives would no longer be their source or labor. Despite the settlers opposition to the New
Upon reading and analyzing this article, it appears to give a fair and accurate analysis about the idea of the French trying to take control of the new world. With the amount of information provided, it shows Gilles Havard researched a lot on the issue. I like how Havard divides the article with subheadings; it was a good way to keep readers like me focused every point he made. Overall, this article was a highly informative and carefully researched to properly show the relationship the French settlers had with the native people of New
The most important theme of this chapters we have covered in this course to me was European colonialism it has had major affect on many cities we have covered in this course . European colonialism has changed cities for the better and worse . In some of the cases where it might have better a city was in the case of New York I know this is not in the book , but if you look at New York , and what is today it did not get there by itself . It started with the Dutch settlement that would be considered colonialism it established New York as a major city in development . This was a from developing of urbanization starting to form and shape the city . From that point on it brought industrialization , finance , that would help New York become a major
Beginning in the 17th century, European settlers began migrating and colonializing the New World discovered by Christopher Columbus, centuries earlier. The process of colonialization was brutal, it sparked native resistance, and overtime, created tension with Europe. There were several differences between the colonies that were established. However, the motivation to colonialize the New World remained the same for most colonies.