What techniques are helpful to incorporate in assessing a patient in this age group?
With considerations for the age of the child, the nurse may wish to use role play using a doll or stuffed animal to ask questions. Through use of an inanimate object in a child the age of 3, fosters trust and allows for the child to answer questions and show areas of pain. Specific questions should be stated at an age appropriate level, with common words that the child understands (Story, 2015).
Further, consideration for the child’s age includes assessment of whether the leg pain is actually bone, joint or muscle pain. Children of this age group are often helpful, cooperative and eager to be involved. However, they can see illness or in this case pain as
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What questions should the nurse ask? What other assessments should the nurse make for this clinical presentation?
Questions should be asked to the child and to the mother in this scenario.
Questions for the child to assess for bone pain would include:
Can you show me what you were doing when your leg started hurting for the first time? Show me on yourself or the doll where your leg hurts? Does hopping, skipping, jumping or running make it hurt more? Does sitting or lying down make your leg hurt worse or make it feel better? Does your leg hurt all of the time or does it hurt worse in the morning or night after playing during the day?
Questions to ask the child to assess for muscle pain would include:
To assess for muscle cramping: Does it feel like a squeezing pain? If you stand on your tippy toes or squat down does it make the squeezing worse? To assess for weakness: Does it feel like your leg is tired? To assess for circulatory: Does your leg feel sparkly? (Tingly)?
Questions to ask Mom:
When did you first notice the complaint of pain? How long after the antibiotic with antibiotics did the complaint of pain occur? Does she paly with older siblings, family or friends in a rough housing manner?
Additional questions to consider as source of pain include: Involvement in activities such as soccer, tumbling or gymnastics, which provide potential sources
Note: Patients will tell you what you want to hear, so be careful how you ask your questions.
In order for a child to develop productive social skills, it is important to choose toys to enhance active, imaginative play, and discourage time at the computer or television. A game in which a child is encouraged to think for themselves rather than sit motionless staring at an electronic screen, is better for the development of the child’s social skills (Moore, 2). Time spent with other children, rather the child’s own age or older, will help develop necessary social skills that will stick with the child through adulthood (Roode, 1). From the day they are born, infants and children begin to form relationships, these relationships eventually deepen and enable them to handle future relationships with others outside their initial circle (Roode, 1). The ability for a person to build and further relationships, make moral judgments, etc. can be enhanced with games played with a group of children, stuffed animals, puppets or instruments (Roode, 1).
The most common symptom of this condition is pain that occurs during activity. Other symptoms include:
The risk of K/L grade 2 and K/L grade 3 and 4 for knee pain.
What additional assessment tools would you select that would be appropriate for Clint and why?
The patient must be questioned directly about the risks. If not possible, the family members and other care providers must be questioned for information(Balaratnasingam, 2015). In some cases when the situation is complex, experienced colleague or specialist is seek for help. The interviewer must be cam, polite, objective and creative enough to extract information from the patient. The nurse must carefully listen to the story with full empathy. This will lead to a good therapeutic relationship and will give good outcome (Balaratnasingam,
The nurse could ask the client what they know about their condition, risk factors, and
Attending a mass-screening event at school or going to an urgent care center may seem like good ways to check this item off your to-do list, but there are usually costs involved. Even more important: School checkups and sports physicals should be done by your child’s primary pediatrician. (In fact, CHKD urgent care centers do not offer well visits sports physicals.)
It was the last game of the day playing right mid I kicked the ball and felt the most excruciating pain I had to be taken out. I went home iced and stretched it, I was sore the next day and did not feel any pain at all. I relaxed all sunday and went back to practice on Monday the pain was still there. I still kept playing dealing with the pain then season came it was the first game I played field again because I guess my coaches thought I was really good at it. I got taken out the last ten minutes of the first half the trainer had to come ice and roll out my leg.
They are able to perform a physical exam to test for this condition. The doctor will check the child’s knee tenderness, swelling, pain and redness. A bone x-ray might show swelling or damage to the anterior tibial tubercle. However, Osgood-Schlatter usually resolves on its own as the bones grow into place and stop growing overall. The symptoms disappear once the child’s bones stop growing. Until this happens, the child’s doctor will give some medication to help rid some of the symptoms. There are over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen or naproxen. The brand names may be called Tylenol, Advil, Motrin and Aleve. (Mayo Clinic Staff). There are also some physical therapy that may be useful and help the child learn exercises to stretch the thighs quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Doing these stretches can help reduce the tension on the spot where the kneecap tendon attaches to the shinbone. Helping strengthen the quadriceps will allow the knee joint to be stabilized. (Mayo Clinic Staff). An alternative to physical therapy is just to allow the shins to rest, decrease the physical activity and put ice on the painful spot 2 to 4 times a day and after activities. (“Osgood-Schlatter”). In very rare cases, surgery may be the only option or one may need a cast or
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During the time I spent shadowing PA Constantino, I was able to notice how well rehearsed he was with medical literature. We saw about eight patients who presented with varying complaints such as spontaneous nocturnal leg pain, foreign body in ear, wellness checks, possible celiac disease, refill for medications, change of medications, and cold like symptoms. I was particularly interested on how he handled the case with the spontaneous nocturnal leg pain. According to the mother, the child would wake up in the middle night with bilateral leg pain that was soothed with warm baths and Motrin. The child had not sustained any injuries and after the second episode of leg pain he was taken to the Emergency Room to be evaluated.
The main behavioural indicators are facial expression, activity, crying/verbalisation, posture and muscle tone (Herr et al., 2011; Srouji, Ratnapalan & Schneeweiss, 2010). Pre-schoolers experiencing severe pain may exhibit a particular facial expression, with eyebrows furrowed and the eyes tightly closed (Srouji, Ratnapalan & Schneeweiss, 2010). They may display pain through restlessness and lack of concentration, whilst verbalising their pain experience through simple phrases like “ouch!”, and with high pitched crying (Srouji, Ratnapalan & Schneeweiss, 2010). Their muscle tone and posture may also be tense and stiff, with the legs drawn upwards towards their chest (Voepel-Lewis, Shayevitz & Malviya, 1997). Ability to be consoled may also be observed, as children who are not soothed by nurturing behaviour from caregivers are likely to be experiencing higher levels of pain (Voepel-Lewis, Shayevitz & Malviya, 1997). There is a variety of assessment tools that score these observations, to give the health care practitioner an indication of the intensity of the pain. One example of this is the FLACC tool which stands for face, legs, activity, cry and consolability (Voepel-Lewis, Shayevitz & Malviya, 1997). A variety of studies have proved this tool to be a reliable, easy to use pain assessment method in children who are aged between two months and seven years (Herr et al., 2011;
She also seemed to have a respiratory infection and possibly urinary infection and was treated with IV fluids and IV ceftriaxone. I have not received directives from the family being a nephew to do otherwise. She recovered significantly with the IV fluids and further with the antibiotics and now seems back to baseline if not better for the absence of these medications. She actually said today that she felt well, which was very unusual. She said she slept well last night and had a good breakfast. All are things that perhaps six weeks ago would have led to long complaints. There have been small wounds on her
What would you grade the current pain out of 10, 10 being the worst and 0 being no pain?