The Importance Of Violence Incidents Against Women

The collection of all this data allows for theoretical explanations by criminologists on the social interactions between the victim and the offender(s).

Much of the theoretical progress to explain recurring victimization has been focused on repeat victimization. The leading theories include state dependence theory, risk heterogeneity theory, lifestyle routine activities theory, and rational choice theory. Although these theories have different origins and have been applied to a variety of types of recurring victimization, many of the theoretical concepts have applicability across the different types of recurring victimization.

Positivist victimology has made a fundamental contribution to the study of victimology by ensuring the development and refinement of quantitative victimisation. It emphasises the role of the state, criminal justice agencies and the voluntary sector in responding to the needs of victims of crime. It is however

Through, the years Domestic abuse and police arrests has impacted society because the police officers failed to provide equal protection towards women who are victims towards sexual abuse. Therefore, the policy reform was established to reduce crimes and political power. However, violent crimes have been categorized with higher rates of proscution.Women were not provided with equal protection against domestic abuse and increased the rate of victims who are incarcerated. Women who encountered domestic violence have been arrested for self-defense. Victims of domestic abuse have been physically forced and violently assault in order to take advantage of them and form authority over them. In order to understand the social world we need to include women experiences towards domestic violence and mandatory arrest in order to reduce crimes and prevent victims from being incarcerated.

To increase the validity, the alternative measure of Victim surveys (VS), are used to eliminate the dark figures of OCS. This is used to provide a fuller picture of crimes. VS data is collected quantitatively so it is easily recorded, and be easily put into a graph to find trends and patterns. As not all crimes are reported or recorded, it is difficult to get an accurate figure. Some crimes may not be reported as the victim feels the police may not be able to do anything about the crime committed, or possible fear of reprisals. As VS give the opportunity to ask people if they have been the victim of crime within the past 12 months. This gives a gateway for unreported crimes to be recorded and included within the OCS. Problems may arise with the use of

I am a 38-year-old white American female. Some would argue that there is no better time to a woman in America – we have far more rights and privileges than either our colonial ancestors or women in many third world nations. Yet, even in my lifetime women have achieved milestones like the Violence Against Women Act, originally passed in 1994 but reauthorized and updated in 2013. Females in this country fight battles on many fronts that males, as a group, do not have to deal with on the same level. Women are sexually harassed, assaulted and raped far more than men. I myself have dealt with all three scenarios so far in my 38 years. Sexual harassment, sexual battery, and rape are all social problems that millions of American women face daily.

​The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) was formulated by the federal government’s Bureau of Justice Statistics to address non-reported issues by victims in the United States, according to the textbook. Many people are victim of crimes that are not reported to the proper authorities for whatever reason. Other potential crimes are also reported to the NCVS whereas citizen was almost victimized. The crime trends are used to categorize the incident, victim, and location of the criminal act or potential harmful act.

When it comes to victimization there are many different theories and types of victims. Mendelsohn explains his theory through “situational victimization factors.” (Robert, 2013). Basically this boils down to the victim being at the wrong place, around other offenders, or in a high crime area. Hentig prefers to describe victims with “personal factors associated with victimization.” (Robert, 2013). Hentig believes things such as, a person’s social standing, childhood, or mental/emotional state determine their likely hood becoming a victim. Lastly we have Sellin and Wolfgang theory that situations determine someone becoming a victim.

“Self-report surveys of victimization have become commonplace in discussions of crime and criminal justice policy. Changes in the rates at which residents of the country are victimized by crime have taken a place alongside the Federal Bureau of Investigation index of crimes known to the police as widely used indicators of the state of society and the efficacy of its governance” (Cantor & Lynch, 2000). Self-report methods of criminal victimization have become a more commonly used tool in criminology and

The victimization report (VR) breaks each crime into subgroups. Each subgroup shows a better interpretation on which violent crime or other crimes played a higher role in the rates recorded. In table 1 of the VR,

This puts into doubt the efficiency and effectiveness of the official crimes statistics. Crimes are unreported for various reasons; some of the reasons why committed towards certain minority groups are unreported is because of the distrust and faith in the police force, language barriers and fear of repercussions from the offender. Certain minority groups include, ethnic people, people with disability, woman, youth, homeless and indigenous. The Crime Victim Survey’s uncovers the Dark Figure of crime and victimisation, it acknowledges the victim and it also explains about the limitations and strengths of recording and reporting crimes. For a crime to be recorded there are three stages that must be delivered. The first is that a person must identify that a crime has been committed, the offender who is committing the crime must been seen by another person. Secondly, the police or others to whom the crime has been reported must accept that the action has been done against the law, or that law has been broken in the act. Thirdly, the crime must be reported to the relevant authorities either by the one who has observed the crime being committed or the person who committed it. If one fails then the crime is unrecognized, although other members of the public may have noticed or heard about a crime and could be

“Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation” (Aziz & Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as a result of violence from someone close to them. “The US Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) defines domestic violence as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender” (Robertson & Murachver, 2009). Researchers and the criminal justice system have not been able to agree on a clear definition to domestic violence which can range from physical injury, stalking, verbal abuse and humiliation, denial of shelter and access to money, and intimidation through aggressive behaviors. The definition of domestic violence may vary but the results from physical injury, mental and emotional trauma, and sometimes even death can last a life time.

Thesis statement : Domestic violence is a very important social issue because it has a large negative affect on the victims. Even though Domestic violence can be caused by either male or female it is usually caused by the male due to the large physical advantage. This essay will discuss the history of domestic violence, as well as explain the different types, and ways to prevent it.

The domestic violence is one of the biggest crimes against women which are linked to their harmful position in the society. In our society Domestic violence refers to violence against women especially in married homes. Therefore domestic violence is familiar as the main barrier of the empowerment of women, with cost of women’s health, their health, health-seeking activities and their acceptance of small family rule. However a challenge has been complete to study whether married women of reproductive age group in our country, view of the people in our country wife-beating as right. In adding, the power of beatings and physical harm since age 15 and also in last one year are used as the needy variables. conditions personality such as education, age, marital period, place of home, caste, religion, sex of the top of the family, standard of live, work condition of women, publicity to mass media and the self-rule of women with respect to decision making, freedom of pressure group and way in to money are linked to domestic violence. An independence index is compute to understand the relationship of women’s self-rule with domestic violence. The analysis shows that the

This study sought to determine the perception of the residents on the social acceptability of the various forms and prevalence of violence against women. The study supposed that when people perceived the various forms of violence against women as socially acceptable, their prevalence tends to be high.