The Indian Claims Commission Act

The Canadian government has great control of where the aboriginals are situated and what resources and services are made available to them. In 1876 the Indian act was created by the Canadian government (Indian Act). “The Indian act is a Canadian federal law that governs and matters pertaining to Indian statuses, bands, and Indian reserves”(Indian Act). A part of the Indian Act made the government give some crown land to the Aboriginals; the

The Indian Act was created under the provisions section 91 of the Constitution Act of 1867 (Moss, 1990). The act was implemented to define who an “Indian” is and the rights that come with the title. These rights pertain to status, bands and reserves for

The Indian Act was an attempt by the Canadian government to assimilate the aboriginals into the Canadian society through means such as Enfranchisement, the creation of elective band councils, the banning of aboriginals seeking legal help, and through the process of providing the Superintendent General of the Indian Affairs extreme control over the aboriginals, such as allowing the Superintendent to decide who receives certain benefits, during the earlier stages of the Canadian-Indigenous' political interaction. The failure of the Indian Act though only led to more confusion regarding the interaction of Canada and the aboriginals, giving birth to the failed White Paper and the unconstitutional Bill C-31,

The Indian Act was a challenge by the Canadian government to adjust the aboriginals into the Canadian culture including bring in residential schools, separating every First Nations in trying to “improve”, and practice them for standard society (Emberley, 2009). First Nations people were also not allowed to possess any land or offer the land that used to be theirs before the Indian act as this segregation put limits maintaining or even owning anything (Emberley, 2009). This lead to the point on everything being restricted for the First Nations including losing history, practicing

As time went on and European and eventually American influence spread across the country, Tribes began to feel their sovereignty threatned as they could no longer deal with wrongdoers on their land the same way they did in the past. The Federal Government began intrude onto Indian Land. In 1817 the U.S passed the General Crimes Act1, whcih gave the Federal Government jurisdiction in Indian Country when a crime was commited if either the victim or derfendent was a non-Native. Then, in 1885, the U.S passed the Major Crimes Act2 which gave the Federal Government jurisdiction in Indian Country over major crimes, such as murder, when the defendent was a Native.

This meant that all matters that had to be discussed had to be approved by the government appointed Indian agent before a chief and council could address the matter. Once matters were discussed any resolution had to be agreed upon by the appropriate federal minister before being enacted. When people attempted to address grievances or complaints they had with the government and the Indian Act System, new laws were passed to stop them from organizing and effectively dealing with the issues brought to their attention.

Permits private parties to file qui tam actions claiming that defendants defrauded the government (False Claims Act Overview, 2016).

In 1830, the Indian Removal Act called for removal of resisting Southern Native American tribes from their homelands. The tribes maintained resistance. In 1831 and 1832, the Cherokees went to the courts. And in the 1832 decision Worcester v. Georgia, Chief Justice Marshall ruled that the Cherokees had their own land and that they did not need to follow

The Indian Removal Act was signed in 1830 to give the Americans the right to move the Indians from their land. The Trail of Tears was soon put into use. It was used to move Native Americas from their homelands to make more room for the American settlers. Many natives did not complete the journey due to starvation and disease. The Indian Removal Act was a tragic and unfair event causing many deaths.

The Indian Claims Commission was a judicial panel for relations between the United States Federal Government and Native American tribes. It was established under the Indian Claims Act in 1946 by the United States Congress to hear claims of Indian tribes against the United States. According to Rosier (2003) the impetus to create the ICC came from three main sources. Native Americans and white political leaders had been calling for a commission separate from the backlogged U.S. Court of Claims since 1910. Assimilationists intent on "terminating" federal guardianship of Native Americans hoped to eliminate a final legal and moral hurdle by "wiping the slate clean" of Indian demands for re-dress. Finally, federal officials wanted to address Native Americans ' grievances as a reward for their contributions during World War II and to create a positive record of dealing fairly with America 's minorities in the increasingly competitive atmosphere of the Cold War.

One benefit of the act to the Indians is that they could have protection, for instance, Jackson "...warned Indians that the federal government could not protect them if they chose not to emigrate" (Cave, 1339). Therefore, if the Indians accepted the act, they would be granted protection from harm and everything else. However, if they refused, the Indians will have to survive on their own, which means that anyone can cause harm to them and it would not be counted as a crime committed or harassment. The Indians during this time were also protesting for the government to protect them such as their rights. In the end, the Indians would get what they have been fighting for, but with a

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, also known as the Wheeler Howard Act or the IRA, had a major impact on the everyday lives of Native American Tribes that were scattered across the United states. The Indian Reorganization Act provided the means and tools for tribes to form their own governments and constitutions. The IRA stopped the general allotment act that was put into effect by the Dawes of 1887. The Indian Reorganization Act granted the Secretary of Interior a tremendous amount of power over Native American affairs ranging from land, livestock, employment, government, etc. According to the reorganization plan, after a tribe or nation voted to accept the IRA, it would draw up a constitution and bylaws, submit it to a referendum,

The Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) of 1934, otherwise known as the Wheeler-Howard Act or the Indian New Deal, was a United States federal legislation that attempted to reverse traditional U.S policy, which typically forced Indian assimilation into american culture and regularly took Indian reservation land. It was a radical act in its time and was introduced into congress by John Collier, who was head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The IRA’s main goal was to provide a means for Native Americans to establish sovereignty and self-government, reduce the amount of land loss by reservations, and to build economic self sufficiencies for these tribes. The act also ended the Allotment System and provided loans for Indians to pursue higher education and farm their lands. Whether or not the act was considered a longstanding success is heavily debated, by historians and Native Americans leaders alike.

The Indian act was passed in 1876. This document defines how government of Canada interact wit 614 first nations bands and its members. The Indian Act in Canada, is much more than a body of laws that for over a century have controlled every aspect of Indian life. The act covers wide-ranging in scope, covering governance, land use, healthcare, education, and more on Indian reserves. This act defines who is Indian and which Indian are recognized as "registered" or "status" Indians.

This process resulted in many of Indigenous women losing their status, power, and ties to their culture. Not only was this process damaging to one’s sense of self, it created divisions within the community and introduced a system of racial hierarchy among Indigenous peoples. The Indian Act was a colonial process intended to to conduct cultural genocide through gender discrimination. The effects of the Indian Act have resulted in significant social, political and economic disadvantages that continue to affect Indigenous women today.