Introduction
It is often asserted that recent globalization has engendered flexibility. Production needs to be responsive to changes in global demand so the workforce must be flexible. However it is also argued that flexibility is not new and has long been a part of the structure of the labour market (Hakim as cited in Pollert, 1988). Perhaps flexibility is just seen as more relevant because it is promoted by the contemporary neo-liberal agenda. According to Meager, there may be a shift in ‘the rationales underlying the use of temporary workers’ (1985: 19). Whatever the case may be, there is a feeling that flexibility is an increasingly relevant characteristic of the labour market. Whether or not there is evidence to support this in empirical terms, the sentiment of change in labour demand must be addressed.
The notion of flexibility has many dimensions, and defining it is problematic. This essay will include all types of flexibility, namely functional, numerical, financial, temporal in their internal and external dimensions. There has been extensive debate surrounding labour flexibility and its implications on the international management of human resources. The problem is: how does flexibility affect the international human resource management? What are the implications for those involved?
This essay will first assess whether there has been a shift in IHRM practices regarding flexibility. Has the international management of human resources been transformed in light of
The need to compete effectively in a global workplace has been a theme of reform in British Columbia (Sectoral bargaining: Way of the future? 6). In fact the B.C. government has responded vigorously to the market imperative of Fordism, in that businesses must find ways to make labour ‘more flexible’ (Vidal 590), meaning that part time, temporary, and contract workers fear for their jobs and job security and so are willing to make concessions or even to look the other way when employment standards are
Flexibility is made up of numerous components however, within in the context of the workplace involves thinking creatively about how working lives can be better structured to match individual and business needs (Job Access, 2012). Following the review of penalty rate provisions, amendments to the flexibility clause were sought after with particular attention paid to the manufacturing industry. Greater flexibility was requested in the taking
Todd (2012) questions the validity of these sweeping arguments made by employers seeking to challenge the FWA. She draws upon wider research which demonstrates that generalisations linking flexibility and organisational productivity should be treated with caution as the specifics of this within organisations are also correlated to aspects of leadership and organisational culture (Abernathy, 2011). In essence, small flexible
In Atkinson and Meager’s model of flexible firm, there are 5 different types of industrial flexibility that a company and the human resources department focus on when deciding to choose if they want to allow their employees a flexible schedule or keep them working their normal 8 hour
It lowers the costs and enables organisations to deal with demand fluctuations. It also allows organisations to arrange cover for absent staff so productivity does not suffer. Short-term projects are better facilitated and external environment changes can be easily dealt with. Commitment of employees could be affected both positively and negatively by numerical flexibility. Positively because employees may put extra effort into their work due to the assumption that they could be given a permanent role in the organisation if they perform well. Negatively because certain employees may not see any value in expending effort since they know they will eventually be leaving the organisation. There are also disadvantages of numerical flexibility. These disadvantages include loss of creativity and innovation in organisations, lack of investment in training numerically flexible staff and the ongoing recruitment costs attached to numerical flexibility. A major problem that is highly relevant in topical issues today is the moral issue that can be related to these types of employment. Zero-hours contracts can be regarded as exploitive due to the nature of control the employer has. This can effect a business’ reputation. It is also now apparent due to legislation that the cost saving that could be made using numerical flexibility is limited for organisations since the rights of employers on these
International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is the management of Human Resource in business operations in at least two nations and IHRM issues are the HRM issues and problems arising from the internationalization of business, and the HRM strategies, policies and practices which firms pursue in response to the internationalization process (Rajan, 2013).
Bradley-Geist. When asked where she finds topics she made a list of different ways she looks: topics evolves over time, lots of reading to find trends or topics, watches different news stations, pays attention to different work situations that has found interesting, and talking with friends and coworkers (Bradley-Geist, 2015). This allows for topics to spawn from different areas, this provides confidence to search the world for topics and not putting strict restrictions on where to look for topics. After examining the title, the contents of “Recent developments and emerging challenges in international human resource management” the sense of exigence in IHRM is obvious. The word challenges indicates there are problems in the IHRM that are with out solutions. There are many current hot topics and gaps in IHRM in this special edition “Recent developments” they address many of them: role of institutional and cultural differences, national cultural differences in cross-border activities, cross-culture diversity management, expatriate adjustment and performance, and cultural differences between regions within
While there are many various global issues that affect the International Human Resource Management to run efficiently, there are two key concepts that play a major role in understanding how to approach them with cohesive and a well coherent strategy; they are the International Human Recourse Management Strategy and Understanding the Cultural Environment. In the International Resource Management strategy, many companies will do their research in finding companies that offer the
The labor market is always important to the economy of a nation. In the U.S, the employment recovery started in February 2010, and it have created more than 18 million jobs for American workers. But as Donald Trump won the election and be a new U.S president, he has not made any policy to further this economic progress. President Trump with his new tax plan focused on making massive profits for big and super big companies, then, instead of using the profits investing in job and wage growth, they use that to buy back their own shares, in other words, only the rich be richer. Another policy is proposed is the one that would deregulate 25 of the largest 38 banks, according to the article, “if this bill is passed, it would greatly undermine
Dowling Peter J and Welch Denice E and Schular Randall S(1999), International Human Resource Management, South-Western College
Workplace Flexibility is the variations in work schedule that is typically a core time for employees to work; the advantages, disadvantages and benefits for both the employer and employee working either full-time positions, based on the needs of each employee that are within set parameters and approved by the immediate supervisor. Flexible Work hours, Breaks/Lunches and Short and Long Term Time off. How the schedule can add more value to effective productivity and performance of employees to improve work-life balance in the workplace.
Briscoe D., Schuler R., Tarique I., (2011). Internatonal Human Resource Management : Policies and Practices for Multinational Entreprise.
“International human resource management is the process of employing and developing people in international organizations which operate globally. It means working across national boundaries to formulate and implement resourcing, development, career management and remuneration strategies, policies, and practices applicable to international workforce.”5
Globalisation, as an integrated and independent world economy, has contributed to the rapid expansion of international trade and world’s economic growth (Paik & Vance, 2006; Mutsuddi, 2012). The increase presence of global firms is shifting domestic HR towards global HR in addition to carry out a wider span of HR responsibilities (Losey, Meisinger & Ulrich, 2005; Rao, 2010; Jie, 2011; Mutsuddi, 2012). The generation of cross-border labour market also had brought human resource management into an international context (Mutsuddi, 2012).
The concept of human resource management has attracted considerable attention over the last two decades from scholars and practitioners alike. While part of the debate has centered on its application and theoretical underpinnings, the other has been on its prescriptive value for the survival of organizations in a turbulent and a volatile business environment. More recently, the issue of whether to situate the HRM debate in the organizational or the international context has arisen. This is because organizational responses such as delayering, empowerment, work intensification, flexibility and redundancy appear to have gained as much weight as the macro-environmental drivers of HRM such as competition, technology, economic