The Levels Of Organochlorine Pesticides ( Ocps ) And Heavy Metal Residues

The Everglades used to be a very beautiful tourist attraction, but have been largely affected by the existence of pesticides. However, the majority of pesticides is not specifically targeting the pest only but they also affect non-target plants and animals during their application. The Effect of pesticide runoffs on the Everglades is destroying one Florida’s major tourist attractions due to the cultivation of sugar cane just to mention one of those responsible and creates a loss of natural habitat, water pollution, and threatens existence of wildlife. Many pesticides are not easily degradable; they persist in soil, leach to groundwater and surface water and contaminate wide environment.

This analysis of case studies from Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the case study to predict the effects of pesticides on aquatic systems and the waterfowl that uses them. Comparing the two processes of these case studies, along with analysis of the assessments. Describing the case study on the effects of pesticides in aquatic ecosystem, the risk assessment correlated to observed field studies and evaluate the importance of this type of correlation in general for all risk assessment efforts. Breaking down the ecological and social

It has been a prime location for studies to be conducted by health organizations to see if there are any links to the pesticide usage occurring along with people living in the vicinity of where it is being used. ARTICLE PESTICDES STUDY (Kehoe) The study correlates a link between certain chemicals that are used in the manufacturing of pesticides and these chemical ORGANOCHLORINES to Alzheimer’s disease along with many autism related defects between children. Children are who we try to keep safe as they are the young and will be our future. Pregnant women living in pesticide applied areas were more likely to have a child with birth defects as the chemicals are absorbed through the air and can reach the fetus via the bloodstream. These are also the most susceptible to these chemicals being used by farmers and the by the produce they

Pesticides are also found in the Great Lakes. These pesticides are made up of dangerous chemicals like toxaphene and chlordane. The rain transports the pesticides from crops to bodies of water like the Great Lakes. They are then absorbed by phytoplankton and it moves up the food chain from there. Pesticides

Although the use of pesticides, chemical agents, and herbicides are used agriculturally on multiple sources, they can become a risk factor in how they alter the ecology of the land, foliage, and animals. One such chemical agent was used excessively (20,000,000 gallons) as the favored “treatment” for defoliation in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It was sprayed over several areas which exposed soldiers, Vietnamese, and machinery to its potentially harmful chemical composition. This herbicide known as Agent Orange or TCDD contained a plethora of phenoxy herbicides marked by multiple dioxy chemical impurities. Agent Orange, after the war, has been studied and linked to heightening risk to various forms of cancer, development of autoimmune disease,

"It is not possible to add pesticides to water anywhere without threatening the purity of water everywhere. Seldom if ever does Nature operate in closed and separate compartments, and she has not done so in distributing the earth's water supply" (Carson 42).

The organochlorine pesticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) was heavily used in the U.S. since its inception in the 1940’s. It was a favored insecticide by many, especially when it was once accredited by eradicating mosquitoes that carried malaria in some parts of the world. Due to the possible health effects and growing concern of the human and wildlife population, the use of DDT was banned from the U.S. in 1972. However, DDT, like many organochlorines, it is highly persistent in the environment through bioaccumulation. The chemical concentration of DDT increases as it moves through the upper levels of the food chain, more specifically because it deposits itself in adipose tissue cells. The half-life of DDT inside the body is 10

Pesticides and other chemicals also enter the ecosystem through water sources. DDT is commonly known to be soluble in water, and have great biological magnification factors in the ecosystem of the Long Island Sound. In a study used in research done by Marietta College, there was biological magnification of eight hundred times from the water to zooplankton. Then, fish will eat the zooplankton, and those fish received another magnification of thirty-one times. Then a larger fish eats the first fish and receives a biological magnification of almost two times. Then the unfortunate larger fish is eaten by a seagull which

Some of these byproducts include dioxin, chloroform, and methyl-triclosan, all of which are considered highly toxic by the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA). Dioxin, in particular, is not only toxic, but also carcinogenic and is linked to reproductive and developmental problems and impaired immune

In order to determine chemical pollution and its effects on marine mammals many scientists have collected and reviewed current levels of pollutants all across the world, long-term trends, and biological effects upon marine mammals at the individual and population level. Particularly in Australia there have been studies that have been trying to investigate temporal trends of organochlorine pesticides such as OCPs, aldrin, chlordance, dieldrin, heptachlor, hexachlorbenzene, DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sewage sludge. In terms of

Note: Even though Malathion was mentioned as one of the suspected pollutants in the Pasion River fish kill and EPA recognized the potential pollution effects of this pesticide, the Malathion’s analytical results were not share with the EPA team. Consequently, the agency cannot formulate a technical opinion on this particular case. If the Malathion analytical results are provided, EPA will be available to present a technical opinion on this matter, if requested.

Organochlorines (OC) are made of chlorine components and synthetic compounds to form a pesticide; they are highly lipophilic and remain in the environment for long periods of time. Organochlorines come in an array of different forms: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) among many more. Studies that have been done show that areas where concentration levels were taken vary even if they are within close range of each other. All of the chemicals can be predominantly found in the adipose tissue (blubber) of the dolphins with PCB at times having the highest concentration among the organochlorines. The presence of the chemicals causes the dolphins to have harmful health effects that range and vary by age and sex of the dolphin.

One concern about pesticides and herbicide usage is the amount of residues left on the end product of crops sprayed with the chemicals, and their effects on human health. (Williamson, 2007, p. 184). However, these effects are closely tested and levels are strictly regulated to ensure there is no danger from possible pesticide residues. Since 1910, many rules, regulations, and agencies have been formed to monitor the safety of the pesticides and herbicides used in conventional farming. These chemicals must meet specific safety standards in order to be registered for use, and regulations on levels of each product safe for use are also put in place. (Tafel et al.,2007, p.184). All pesticides are rigorously examined to ensure they have no significant effects on human health, or the environment. The residues in the food chain are closely monitored, and regularly tested, to ensure they are below legal limits. In a recent survey of residues

Pyrethrin is also used because it is biodegradable and can quickly be metabolized by birds and most mammals. The Organic Trade Association notes that if every farmer in the U.S. converted to organic production, we could eliminate 500 million pounds of persistent and harmful pesticides from entering the environment annually. Some of these harmful pesticides are called POPs short for Persistent Organic Pollutants. These pollutants are not only harming the planet, but they are also harmful to consumers. POPs are organic compounds that are able to survive in any form of the environment by living in other organisms. One of these pollutants is called Chlordane. In an article written by Dr. Edward Group titled “Health Dangers of Chlordane,” he explains how the chemical Chlordane is a man-made chemical that was used as a pesticide in the late 1940s and later banned in the late 1980s. The pesticide that conventional farmers in the U.S. we’re using on crops was also being used to control termites in houses. This pesticide, even though banned over 20 years ago, is still a problem in today’s society. Geological surveys have found that this pesticide is still in soil samples located in Yosemite National Park. This affects the fish and wildlife that live in these areas because they drink or live in the water that has the contaminated soil. Once the wildlife in the area is contaminated and migrates, they spread the pesticide to other animals that may eat them.

DCOIT and TCMTB are regarded as broad spectrum biocides used either as herbicide or fungicide (REFERENCES, (Fernández-Alba et al. 2002)) DCOIT undergoes rapid degradation in natural seawater and binds strongly to sediments, reducing its bioavailability and hence its potential to bioaccumulate (Castro et al. 2011). These characteristics have seen DCOIT referred to as environmentally one of the safest antifoulants (Jacobson & Willingham 2000; Castro et al. 2011). However, DCOIT reacts with proteins of organisms that come in contact with the coating surface, resulting in interruption of the metabolic processes and disruption of the physiological processes involved in the attachment of the organism to solid surfaces, thus preventing fouling, thereby ecotoxicity studies have reported a high level of sensitivity of