The Link between Population Growth and World Health Raphael R. Arriola Argosy University, Orange County The Global Environment and Public Health | SOC260 BLW Module 2, Assignment 2 Dr. Douglas Roberts Wednesday, October 14, 2015 The Link between Population Growth and World Health It is estimated that between the year 2014 and 2060, the U.S. population is going to increase from 319 million to 417 million, reaching 400 million in 2051. The population in the U.S. is projected to grow slower in the future decades, than in the recent past; assuming that fertility rates will continue to decline and that there will be a modest decline in the overall rate of net international migration. One in five Americans is projected to be 65 years of …show more content…
The misuse of antibiotics is to blame, especially Beta-lactam antibiotics, vitamin supplementation, is also to blame including folic acid; vitamin D especially. Also to blame are novel vectors for sharing pathogens including blood donation, and lastly the widespread adoption of compulsory mass vaccinations. During the beginning of the twentieth century, infectious diseases were the leading cause of death worldwide. Three diseases in particular in the United States caused 30% of deaths; tuberculosis, pneumonia, and diarrhoeal diseases. However, by the end of the twentieth century, in most of the developed world, the mortality from infectious diseases had been replaced by mortality from chronic illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke. In 2000, approximately 125 million Americans, or 45% of the population, had chronic conditions and 61 million, or 21% of the population, had multiple chronic conditions. According to a report in 2004, almost half of all Americans, or 133 million people, live with a chronic condition. People with chronic conditions account for 83 percent of health care spending and those with five or more chronic conditions have an average of almost fifteen physician visits and fill over 50 prescriptions in a year according to Partnership for Solutions National Program Office, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The lives of many people in the world are being blighted and cut short by
The United States is the third most populated country in the world. This country holds about 4.5% of the world’s population. The U.S. population is currently estimated to have 308.7 million persons. This number is more than double of the population from 1950. Besides the fact of the population has doubled its size, the population has also become qualitatively different from the one from 1950. As noted by the Population Reference Bureau, “The U.S. is getting bigger, older, and more diverse.” The growth of the population is the result of the trends over time in the relationship of increased births, decreased deaths, and increased net immigration.
Jacobsen, Kent, Lee, & Mather (2011) stated, “Since women live longer than men in the United States, women will continue to make up a majority of the older population in the foreseeable future” (pg. 3). Whereas, this age distribution among men and women are expected to remain approximately the same between 2009 and 2030, there will be notable changes in the age and gender gap by 2050 as the gap grows smaller (Jacobsen, Kent, Lee, & Mather, 2011). Furthermore, according to Vincent & Velkoff (2010), by the year 2042 the United States will become more racially and ethnically diverse with the combined minority population expected to become the majority. Thus, as people in the United States age over the next several decades, the older population will also become a more racially and ethnically diverse group. In addition, the overall age structure of the population is expected to change a great deal over the next four decades (Vincent & Velkoff, 2010). This will pose even more challenges to policy makers and programs designed to help the elderly like Medicare and Social Security. Therefore, being able to project the size and structure of the older population, in regards to age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin is not only important to public interest, but also private both socially and economically (Vincent & Velkoff, 2010).
Trends in immigration will continue to shape the demographics of the United States. What will the U.S. population look like in the year 2050? Why do you think so?
In united states, 45% of all citizens have at least one chronic disease (4) and there is growing evidence that as a person age, he is more prone to develop other chronic condition if he is suffering from one (5). According to cdc, Heart diseases, diabetes, stroke, obesity, cancer and arthritis are the most prevalent yet preventable chronic conditions leading to hospitalizations, disabilities and decreased quality of life (6).
The American cultural fabric is ever changing; there is a reason the US is called a melting pot. According to the US Census Bureau, by 2023 more than one in seven US residents will by foreign-born - a statistic that does not account for children of immigrants born in the US. It should be noted that new Americans arrive every day. Given current trends, it is estimated that by 2060, one in five American residents will be foreign born. Such growth rates cannot be ignored.
The rise of agriculture, dense population, development of world trade route, and dealing society with demotic animals are the common factors that make a situation for microbes to evolve infection diseases. These factors made a large profit for microbes that can make situation in which a large number of people get the same diseases, and each factor has a distinct reason in evolving the epidemic. For example, millions of Roman population died due to smallpox since Rome made contact with European countries for trade purpose. Sometimes arriving an infected person from a local area to another could kill half of million populations through history, major killers include flu, tuberculosis, malaria, smallpox, plague, measles, and cholera. These infection
Many people have died in the past due to infectious diseases. A human with an infection creates another organism which reproduces inside them. Like the pest, one of the most famous diseases killed millions of people in the 14th century. The only way to kill or stop the growth of an infection or bacteria is with antibiotics. The first antibiotic ever created was the penicillin and the greatest one till now. This drug was discovered by Alexander Fleming in the 1920´s but it was introduced in the 1940´s. Scientist began testing penicillin on lab rats but eventually, it was tested in humans. A man contracted a severe infection from a scratch on his face and Penicillin was given to him where he improved dramatically. After World War II, scientists
Vulnerable populations are increasing with the levels of the uninsured raise, as well as the population ages. The number of individuals with chronic medical conditions has increased from 125 million in 2000 to 133 million in 2005. According to National Health Interview Survey, there are three risk factors for poor access to healthcare such as low income, low possess health insurance rate and lack of regular care. In the meantime, adults with low wages were more likely to suspension or not obtain required medical, dental, and psychological healthcare and to not fill prescriptions. By 2010, 141 million Americans are expected to have 1 or more chronic conditions, with an overall increase to 171 million people (37%) by
The major health concerns of the 19th and 20th centuries stemmed from bacteria leading to the following infections cholera, dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, H. influenza type b (Hib) (meningitis), yellow fever, malaria, measles, mumps, rabies, pneumonia, diphtheria, pertussis “whooping cough”, poliomyelitis and enteritis, heart disease, cancers, human
According to the U.S. Census Bureau the number of people 65 and older will possibly double by the year 2030. According to Yager (2008) forecasts are showing that the United States could reach a labor shortage by 2030. As
Demographic forces like age, gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnic origin, and social class all have the potential to present opportunities or threats for a company and an industry and create major implications (Hill 73). The United States is a nation having a population made up of people who fall into a wide variety of demographics. The United States’ population was estimated at 321,418,820 in July 2015, 50.8% of the population are female, and 77.4% of the population is made up of whites (“Quick Facts United States”). Joel Kotkin, of the Smithsonian Magazine estimates that the population will increase by 100 million people by 2050. The nation’s population is also expected to grow older; currently 13% is over the age of 65 and that is estimated to jump to 20% by 2050. This increase in an older population could create a potential train for social services and lead to fewer workers within the economy (Badger). Between 2000 and 2050, census data reports that the age group 15-to-64 in the United States is expected to grow 42%. Even as the population ages, a baby boomlet is expected to happen when the children of the baby boomer generation begins to have children themselves. America has a relatively high fertility rate, and this can be largely attributed to immigrants who have more children than Americans that have lived in the country for generations (Kotkin).
Over the years, there have been major shifts within the United States in regards to its population. Statisticians have estimated that 20% of the population will be 65 years of age and older. There is an even
The United State’s current population size is 326,200,990 people, where males make up 49.4% of the population and females make up 50.6%. The United State’s population is projected to increase by 2,450,697 and reach 327,908,413 people by the start of 2018. On average, the US sees 11,235 births, 7.347 deaths, and 2,827 people enter the country each day; therefore, the population increases by 6.714 people each day. The growth, fertility, and birth rates for the US are .75, 1.89, and 13.49 per 1,000 births, respectively. The age-structure of the United State’s population has been found to be 20.1% being under the age of 15, 66.8% being in between the ages of 15 and 65, and 13.1% being over the age of 15.
“Continued population growth until 2050 is almost inevitable, even if the decline of fertility accelerates,” says the report, World Population Prospects: the 2015 revision.
A drop in net immigration to the United States is a key factor that has contributed to the aging of the US population. According to the U.S. census Bureau, “there have been a drop in immigration levels in the United States”, which, mean that a smaller share of U.S. population growth can directly attribute to immigration similar to natural increase these can also be related to jobs losses that are normally filled by immigrants such as construction jobs, and manufacturing jobs. Declining fertility rates are also a key factor in the United States. “In the past the 18 and under have exceeded the 65 and older, but now have declined by 190,000 per the Census Bureau in 2010 and 2011 while the elderly have increased by 917,000. Working-age adults, and those in childbearing ages, is also down”. There is also a decline in fertility rates as well, they estimated 4 billion birth between 2010 and 2011 which is down from the 4.2 that was between 2005 and 2006.