Contents
Linux Network Name Spaces 2
Overview 2
Linux Name Spaces 2
Linux Network Name Space 2
Network Name Space Use Cases 2
Network Name Space Example 2
Summary 2
References 3
Linux Network Name Spaces
Overview
In this paper we will discuss the Linux Network Name Space. First, the concept of namespaces will be described along with an overview of the default name spaces available in the Linux operating system. The Linux Network Name Space is a key enabler for some high profile virtualization technologies including OpenStack and Docker.
Linux Name Spaces
Linux consists of the following six namespaces:
Network – Network Namespace
PID – Process Namespace
Mount – Filesystem Namespace
User – User Namespace
IPC – Interprocess Communication Namespace
UTS – Host and NIS Namespace
Linux namespaces can be traced back to early UNIX technologies called chroot, process jails controlled where access is controlled with cgroups. The concept of a namespace is to isolate processes from other processes on the system. This concept evolved into namespaces that are created with clone() system call and manipulated with the setns() and unshare() system calls. The clone() system call is used when creating child namespace from a parent or root namespace. As the name would suggest this creates a clone of an existing stack. The setns() system call is used to join a namespace. The unshare() system call is used for moving processes into a namespace, as the name suggests the process
Significance: This topic is important to my audience because of the increasing number of people accessing the internet. Implementing virtualization
An operating system must support a wide variety of networking protocols in order to meet the needs of its users. The user will be able to identify and make sure that various systems and servers are running smoothly, also the user is will if the system is loaded or
Henderson, T., & Allen, B. (2009). Ubuntu server review. Network World US. Retrieved from http://review.techworld.com/operating-systems/317151/ubuntu-server-review/
The internet was invented around the early 1960s with the research of Packet switching. What they called ARPANET led to the development of the internetworking, where multiple networks could be joined together over to create a network of networks. IP defined by RFC791 was the first widely used versions of the internet protocol. This was known as version four, this would make you think that there were three other versions of IP before this version however, there really was not. IPv4 was originally designed for an internetwork, a fraction of what the size of the internet is today. IPv4 has served its purpose very well, however with the growth of the internet it was just a matter of time before they would need to create a new version of IP. The development of a new version IP would began in the mid-1990s. The new version of IP is known as Internet Protocol version Six (IPv6) or sometimes called IP next generation or IPng. One of the biggest questions that came about when the announcement of IPv6 was what Happened to IPv5. “The answer is: it doesn 't exist. While this may seem confusing, version 5 was in fact intentionally skipped to avoid confusion, or at least to rectify it.” (Tcpipguide.com, 2014) If you consider just how much the internet has grown over the years you will notice that IPv4 has done its job very well, however as discussed it has been apparent for many years now that the limitation of IPv4 would be reached. This is where IPv6 comes into play. IP play such a
The First World Bank Savings and Loan network infrastructure update will be Linux based. The bank will utilize a custom kernel designed with the input of a Linux Security consultant. This proprietary kernel is adaptable, scalable and modular to readily handle the bank’s network. This kernel was collaboratively developed by the bank’s Security and IT directors with a consulting firm that specializes in Linux network security.
Network Based Virtualization is abstract storage of data applications from the host machine. This is well achieved through fibre channels connection between the machines and the servers running virtualization. The respective operating systems on the separate machines are not a factor to consider as they work independently. For it to achieve its expectations, the following services must be provided as below:
The PCNet project has run into some issues which are going to take an effect on this project.
Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese communist party leader, in 1978, had a famous saying, “if you open the window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies to blow in.” (Minzner). This saying has affected the way China contact with the world and trading business. When the Internet officially became available to China in 1994, and because it got popular fast reaching to twenty eight percent of the Chinese citizen in 2009. The Chinese government realized that the Internet has some information that they want to keep it away from their citizens as it is consider as either violation or forbidden information with the Chinese morals and traditions. The Ministry of Public Security by the government in China begun to construct the Great Firewall (Pingp). The Great Firewall is a digital system to control and sense the Internet in China that officially went public in 2000 (Pingp). The main reasons for creating it were to impose Internet security, and censorship to the Chinese citizens. The Great Firewall uses techniques like: “Domain Name System (DNS) pollution and injection, Internet Protocol (IP) and port blocking, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) reset, interfere secure connection, proxy blocking, IPv6 censorship and email blocking.” (Bu 1).
The Linux operating system was started by Linus (Benedict) Torvalds in 1986. He got the idea from the MINIX, which was developed as a learning system. MINIX was an open source system. In the process, he developed more and more functions, making it an operating system with a kernel. He made the source code available for other programmers to give feedback and eventually created a community for the ongoing development of Linux. Linux is now a free development and distribution that only integrates features that users will use in installation-able software packages. Developers of Linux have used the system core, the kernel, to develop a range of software packages for a wide variety of devices.
UMUC’s new building in Adelphi, MD will have to provide networking connectivity to students, professors, and staff. In order to begin the process of planning the new network, we will begin by planning the network IP addressing scheme. It is very important that the network IP addressing scheme be clearly defined in order for IT administrators to locate computers promptly. Also, in order to make it easier for the administrators, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) will be used to assign IP addresses. The organization of the subnet layout will assist the IT administrators as well as making effective use of IP addresses.
Software defined networking is a new concept that redefined the current network device architecture and the way they behave. Due to the exponential growth of the Internet and services attached to this worldwide infrastructure, a number of issues have cropped up in modern day networks. This paper discusses a few of these limitations and how the software defined networking approach tries to alleviate them. OpenFlow, released in the year 2008, is a commercially viable implementation of this concept that is being well received by the networking industry at large. The paper also discusses the OpenFlow protocol, its implementation and the challenges facing its widespread acceptance
During installation while configuring Network Bridge, we need to provide the relevant interface name and it should exactly matching currently available interface; otherwise the entire system will be hanging. Assigning the Dynamic IP needs to be accessible through local network and configuring the DHCP server generating the new IPs. For the Virtual cluster creation there is a need to assign a domain name for the Server node. Depending on requirement of the application, the Virtual Cluster or Virtual Machine requires the enhancement of either disk space or shared file system and configuring the extra space was not simple. All these challenges, we analyzed and fixed by doing necessary modifications in the scripting and terminating unwanted
Avoid spaces in names. This is because spaces confuse users and does not usually work correctly with some applications or protocols. Generally, when naming the network, names should be eight characters or fewer, for example operating systems, applications, or protocols that map names to filenames usually restrict the size of a filename to eight characters. (Openhelmer)
To avoid any ambiguity, we note again that each server and driver runs as a separate user process with its own address space completely disjoint from the address spaces of the kernel and other servers, drivers, and user processes. In our design, processes do not share any virtual address space and can only communicate with each other using the IPC mechanisms that are provided by the kernel. This point is crucial to the reliability as it prevents faults in one server or driver from spreading to a different one, in exactly the same way that a bug in a compilation going on in one process cannot affect what a browser in a different process is doing.
Nuts and bolts of computer networks. Computer networks consist of end systems, packet switches, and communication links. End systems—also called hosts—include desktop PCs, laptops, hand-held network devices (including cell phones, PDAs, and BlackBerries), sensors, and servers (such as Web and mail servers). Just as cities are interconnected by a network of roads and intersections, end systems of a computer network are interconnected by a network of communication links and packet switches. Communication links can be wired or wireless. Distributed applications. A computer