The Long Term And Short Term Memory

Roger goes to his friend’s wedding where he is introduced to over 50 people. Roger’s goal at this wedding is to meet new people, and remember as many names as he can. In order for him to get their names into long-term memory, he first needs to get them past sensory, and short term memory. For him to be able to do this, he needs to come up with some strategies to remember these names. He will learn when it is necessary for him to rehearse the names over in his head, group some of them together, or making connections to the names. By testing out these strategies, we will learn how information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory, and hopefully to long-term memory.

Human memory is a complex cognitive structure, which can be defined in many ways. One would argue that memory is 1.) The mental function of retaining information about stimuli, event, images, ideas, etc. after the original stimuli is no longer present. 2.) The hypothesized storage system in the mind that holds this information is so retained. A clear distinction is made between different types of memory systems and can be divided into subclasses.

However, memory storing is when information comes into memory system and stored in specific brain cells. The hippocampus is the most magnificent element in memory. In fact, the hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain (Ananya, 2014). Also new memories are stored in hippocampus without hippocampus the brain cannot store or retrieved memories (According to the scientific of America, 2009). Furthermore, there are three ways in which memories can be store by visual, acoustic, and semantic. For instance, people memorize a phone number when they have looked up in phone book if so they using visual coding, but if they repeating it after looked up they probably using acoustic coding (Mclead, 2007). Memory is stored by a small

Encoding process is how the brain changes input information into something it can understand such as visual, acoustic or semantic.

Doctors and scientists dispute the exact role of the hippocampus, but agree that it has an essential role in the formation of new memories about personally experienced events. Some researchers prefer to consider the hippocampus as part of a larger medial temporal lobe memory system responsible for declarative memory. When a long-term, declarative memory is made, certain neuronal connections in the temporal lobe are strengthened, and others are weakened. These changes are fairly permanent, however some may take weeks or months before they are complete

To be stored in long-term memory, information must pass through several systems and processes. First, information is absorbed by the sensory memory system. When attention is focused on specific information it will pass to the short-term memory system. Information is then often rehearsed so that it is able to stay in short-term memory for a period of time. Eventually, the information can be encoded, by a variety of methods, into the long-term memory system.

They proposed the phonological loop had evolved for language acquisition and storage. Also their study found that the ability to pronounce a word places it in phonological storage, allowing you to recall the memory quicker (Baddeley, 1994). The phonological loop has been found to be a workspace for verbal information (Baddeley, 1994). Other studies have also found that the phonological loop works to process auditory information as well (Reisberg, 2013). The visuospatial sketchpad, (Baddeley, 1994) was used to recall a visual object. In the visuospatial sketchpad images are placed on different spatial maps, which then tied together with the spatial workspace on the visuospatial sketchpad. The decision maker of working memory is the central executive. It decides which memories are retrieved, what information you should focus on, how important the information is, and how to attain goals (Riesberg, 2013). Without the central executive, our thoughts and actions would be unorganized in our working memory (Riesberg, 2013). In order to reduce the workload of the central executive, and allow it to focus towards important tasks, the episodic buffer works to store the information gathered from the visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop (Baddeley, 1974). These models of memory show us how it is organized and operates, and there are other models of memory that go into how memory aids our

Memento is a great, unforgettable movie. Events throughout the film unfold in a confusing and complicated way. The movie starts from the end of the beginning, in a nonlinear narrative. At times, the story seems backward: after the main character, Leonard, loses his memory, he can only remember up to his wife 's brutal murder; he can 't create new memories. Based on the revolving perspective of the main character, who has to trust pictures, notes, and tattoos, the viewer learns not to trust anyone in the film. This information is the foundation of Leonard 's short-term memory. The story is told in a lurching backward motion, each scene jumps back in time, and ends where the previous one started; then, the next one begins. "Memento" is a unique crime thriller that makes the viewer think deeply about the endlessness of revenge, by using the cinematic techniques of a nonlinear narrative (1), repetition (2), and the use of mirrors (3).

According to the multi-store model of memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968) the memory system consists of a sensory memory, short term memory and long-term memory.(psychology book) In order to be stored in long-term memory material needs to be

Which means the person is thinking about the information constantly and that is what consciousness is or STM (short term memory). So what is working memory? It is the information in the STM, for example, it is when a person is remembering a person 's number to call it is important for that time being, but not important enough for LTM (long term memory). Basically STM is determining is the sensory message is important enough, then working memory is for you memory to focus on it, but not fully remember just for a few seconds or minutes. Long term memory on the other hand, it is much different from STM and working memory, LTM 's capacity to remember something is unlimited depending on how important it is to the person. Using my example from working memory, remembering numbers if it is rehearsed enough, it will be put in long term like you cell phone number that a person has taught themselves to remember. Then LTM is simplified into Nondeclarative or declarative, LTM "include general facts and knowledge, personal facts, and even skills that can be performed"(pearson 230) Nondeclarative are memories how people learned to do something like riding a bike or something a person will use in everyday life. Declarative is a memory where a person learned how to do something else but declarative memories are more facts then are learning to do something. Then for declarative memories are

Long term memory is defined like it sounds long term memory is intended for long term storage of information over a long term period of time. Despite short term memory, long term memory seems to decline very little in as time goes on. Your long term memory can store an unlimited amount of information for an unlimited amount of time (Mastin,2010). Long term memory has three different memories the procedural memory, semantic, and the episodic memory (McLeod,2010). The procedural memory is the part of the long term memory where we remember how to do things. The semantic memory is in charge of store information about the world and finally the episodic memory store memories about an event. Short term memory can have relationships with negative and positive emotions. Based on the study by Philipp Spachtholz; working memory can be affected by emotions.

The structure of memory is encoding which is the process of transferring information into a form that can be stored in memory. Storage is the process, which works in keeping or maintaining information. Retrieval is the final process, it occurs when information stored in memory is brought to mind. Information in long term memory is usually stored in semantic form. Semantic memory is a type of declarative memory that stores general knowledge. Retrieval cue aids in retrieving particular information from long term

The aim of this experiment was to analyse the effects of an external auditory stimuli on a humans ability to recall and retain visual stimuli, as well as to investigate the effects of age on the brains ability to retain and recall the same visual stimuli for short time periods.

Encoding is the intake of information. The information is either processed as a picture, a sound or a meaning. Long term memory are related to items that have meaning. Storage is how the information in kept in memory. In the storage process the brain is deciding where to storage the information and how long the information will be stored. The information is either stored in short-term or long-term memory. The process also involves how much information is stored. Short-term memory is usually 7 items, plus/ minus 2. Long-term is unlimited. Retrieval is how the information I pulled out from memory. Items that are stored in short-term memory are stored and retrieved. Items in long-term memory are retrieved from

If you witnessed a crime, and you were called by the court to deliver an eyewitness testimony, could you? Research has been done to test the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies. My experiment is to see how accurate you can remember something from a while ago (about 5 minutes). I’m also testing the power of suggestion, and how easy it is to change someone’s mind. The volunteers will have ranging ages from 9 all the way to about 60.