The Millon Clinical Multiaxial IIi

Since our personalities aren’t influenced by one factor The MMPI with some revisions influenced the development of tests and measurements by providing the ability to conduct objective testing across 10 clinical scales which assess 10 major categories of abnormal human behavior, and four validity scales, which assess the person’s general test-taking attitude

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) one of the most popular personality tests today is often the standard to which others are compared (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010). It was designed to aid in the diagnosis and prediction of mental illness in patients 14 years of age and older, in a more objective manner. The MMPI is atheoretical and therefore was not created based on a specific theoretical background. It initially contained 566 true and false questions divided into 10 clinical scales, which were derived through research of various sources including personality items that had been previously published by others, textbooks and psychiatric case

The first major controversy concerning classifications of mental disorders is the debate over dimensions vs. categories. According to the APA (2000), DSM–IV is a categorical classification that divides mental disorders into types based on criterion sets with defining features. Categories have been utilized in the past DSMs, however there has been much debate on changing to the dimensional model. The debate stems from the notion that in order for a categorical diagnosis to relate specifically to a disorder, the pathology would have to have been largely resilient to the influence of many other genetic and environmental influences (Widiger & Sankis, 2000). On the contrast, utilizing the dimensional model for a diagnosis would utilize a wide variety of neurochemical, interpersonal, cognitive, and other mediating and moderating variables that help to develop, shape, and form a particular individual’s psychopathology profile (Andreasen, 1997).

However, American psychologists contributed to the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) which classify personality disorders into a number of categories (Shedler, Beck, Fonagy, Gabbard & Gunderson, 2010). The DSM-5 identifies 10 personality disorders into three categories called clusters. The first cluster consists of three disorders; the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (Griggs, 2014). Griggs reports that these disorders show highly anxious or fearful behaviour patterns (2014). The second cluster also involves three disorders; the paranoid, schizoid, and the schizotypal personality disorders. According to Griggs, people who are in the second cluster show eccentric or odd behaviours. There are four personality disorders in the last cluster; the antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic disorders. They show excessively dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviour patterns (Griggs,

The client was administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- 2nd Edition-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) as an objective measure of their social-emotional and personality functioning. The scores are based on answers to a large number of true/false questions. Based on Mr. Cintron’s responses, this protocol was invalid and uninterpretable due to inconsistent responding. There was evidence of excessive inconsistency because of fixed true responding to the test item.

The diagnostic process for personality disorders currently covers a broad scope of various tests and symptoms, causing a source of frustration for psychiatrists (Aldhous). The symptoms and side effects of several personality disorders can tend to blur together, making diagnosis challenging (Aldhous). Most psychiatric patients are diagnosed with several personality disorders at once, with twenty percent of people with personality disorders simply diagnosed with a “personality disorder not otherwise specified” (Aldhous). Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, commonly referred to as the DSM, psychiatrists attempt with great difficulty to categorize their patients into a specific disorder, only to diagnose

Dombeck, M., Hoermann, S., Zupanick, E.C. (2011). Personality Disorders: Problems with current diagnostic system. MentalHelp. Retrieved on 14th March, 2013, from http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=569

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological test that assesses personality traits and psychopathology. It is primarily intended to test people who are suspected of having mental health or other clinical issues. The substantive scale reveals that Mary has somatic complaints and emotional and interpersonal dysfunction. She likes to internalize her emotions that include self-doubt, stress and worry, anxiety and fears. Mary has several interpersonal difficulties showing from her results such as family problems, social avoidance, and social anxiety and feels uncomfortable at times with people being around her. She is currently being treated for obsessive compulsive disorder by her family doctor. The test reports that

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a test for people who are under suspicion for having any mental health problem. This test can not be found online and only can be taken under professional supervision, and the results can only be interpreted by the physiologist giving the test. I personally think that the test should be taken that way and not available online so people do not diagnose themselves then get false results. There is three versions of the test itself MMPI-2, MMPI-2-RF, and the MMPI-A. MMPI-2 is a test that has 567 true or false questions, then the MMPI-2-RF which is a newer, faster, and more widely used by physiologist. Last the MMPI-A is used more for teenagers. The MMPI-2 test is made up into 10 scales which

According to Hawes and Boccaccini (2009) the PAI is “self-report personality measure” that is used to assess client’s psychopathology and other critical variables. There has been a shift to support the use the PAI in correctional and forensic settings, although this was not it’s original intended use (Hawes & Boccaccini, 2009). There are several key scales that align with forensic work and correctional facilities, which have increased the use of the PAI in these settings, these are the aggressive behavior and suicide risk scales (Hawes & Boccaccini, 2009). Another reason for it’s increasing use in these settings is the ability of the PAI to measure response styles and the individual’s approach to the test, which indicates the distortion of

The purpose and the nature of the MMPI-2 test was created to help determine psychopathology and personality structure in Adults. This test was clinically used to be able to find numerous of experiences or behaviors that result in symptoms that consisted of mental illness. It also includes an evaluation of personality, as a measure mental distress, and could identify abnormal or maladaptive behavior. After finishing this test their answers are found in the 4 validity and 10 clinical scales. There are exactly 5

Self-report has always been one the easiest ways to gain insight of a person’s personality. These test can range from quizzes filled out online that tell you which pop star is your personality twin to standardized tests requiring a certified test user. Some of the most popular and highly researched tests have been the MMPI and its successors. The MMPI, created by Stark R. Hathaway and John Charneley McKinley, was the first step towards the MMPI-2-RF. The MMPI was firstly created to test individuals who were 14 years old and older. Throughout the years, the MMPI has through a lot of changes, evolving into three tests used today: MMPI-2, MMPI-A, and MMPI-2-RF (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2013).

Ms. Sanders was administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- 2nd Edition which is an objective measure of their social-emotional and personality functioning. The scores are based on answers to a large number of true/false questions. Validity scales suggested there were no omitted items, thus Ms. Sanders responses yielded a valid profile. However, she obtained a score of (70-VRIN) suggested she appeared to have responded in an inconsistent fashion to similar items and there is a high probability that all scales are invalid and the test profiles are uninterpretable. Although, she obtained a score of (65F-TRIN) suggested she attended to item content in a consistent manner. Overall, Ms. Sanders responses indicated she appeared

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMMPI) is an objective test also known as self-reporting inventory. This test is made up of hundreds of true or false questions. Clinical and counselling psychologists use the MMPI to help in diagnosing psychological disorders. When the correct diagnosis is made, the correct treatment can be applied. Although psychologists use other instruments, the MMMPI is the most widely used tool for measuring personality in psychological research. The MMMPI is a complex tool compromising of different scales. It has four (4) validity scales that checks if the answers are true reflections the individual’s thoughts, behaviours, and emotions. At the same time, the validity scales does not guarantee to tell if

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) is a tool that is used to assess personality disorders and other clinical problems in adults that are being tested or undergoing psychiatric treatment. The MCMI is an objective or self-report inventory test. Also, the MCMI is made up of three (3) scales that measure the individual’s personality style, clinical problems, and patterns of the personality. The MCMI measures twenty four (24) disorders that comprised of Axis I and Axis II disorders. Axis I disorders are those major easily recognizable disorders such as major depressive episode, schizophrenic episode, and panic attack. Also, when individuals show sign of not coping with the demands of life, the MCMI is used to formulate be asked that