The Mongols: An unorthodox melting pot
The Mongols lived their lives with a love to conquer, they did not hesitate to kill and plunder; however, not everything they did was out of savagery. Their way of life had rules and speculations, as they only plundered with permission and must obey their officers orders, many valued justice and had respect for the beliefs of the people they conquered. Their leader, Chinggis Khan, believed that there were many more benefits to conquering land other than just expanding his rule, he believed that the mixing of cultures made for a more diverse army. A diverse army has more tools at their disposal as their knowledge and fighting techniques are taken from the best of various cultures. Although their ways were
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Chinggis was in full support of using all resources at his disposal, the military adopted the fighting styles of their captives and sense the men had to provide their own weapons, their arsenal expanded. The Mongols were a pastoral nomadic society, so a lot of their equipment and technology came from abstract parts of the animals they slaughtered, for example, their bows were made of horns. When they began to conquer other civilizations they discovered the technology of those people and used it to their advantage. Captives soldiers from wealthier civilizations often had better swords and spears, along with other weapons, than the Mongols cruelly made daggers, the Mongols took notice in this and took the more advanced weapons as they plundered. The different technology was not the only resource Chinggis sought after, local knowledge was also of great value. Chinggis had scouts sent out to acquire information about civilizations from locals in order to identify their weaknesses for a strategic upper hand. Chinggis often used foreign experts as advisors and engineers for his army, they were mostly Persian and Chinese. The knowledge of other civilizations was not only used for war, but also for communication, in fact, an eyewitness to the Mongol culture stated “they make use of jewish letters, because formerly they had none of …show more content…
Chinggis actually prized the idea of mixing cultures and ethnicities as it made for a more diverse, more complex civilization. Chinggis not only supported his people in intermingling with people of different ethnicities but often wanted to himself as he conquered land. He stated that it was good to “make the bellies and navels of their wives his bed and bedding, to admire their rosy cheeks, to kiss them and suck their red lips” (1.2, 11). The creation of a complex society made for a more efficient army as children of different descent were taught different morals and techniques. As the civilization became larger and more diverse, the Mongols began to shy away from their former barbaric techniques and over all became a more intelligent society. So intelligent in fact that they began to believe that they were destined by god to conquer all land and bring it to the
During the early thirteenth century Chinggis Khan and his following successors helped forge various tribes in to a powerful alliance that built the largest empire the world has ever seen. The Mongolian empire reached great in size in such a short period of time. This was basically because of the sturdy Mongol army and many efficient policies the Khan family established. The Mongols were very knowledgeable in military tactics. There empire had a strong sense of unity, helping the empire get so great so rapidly. There allies also contributed to the Mongolian empire. By the time of Chinggis Khan's death in 1227, he had laid the foundation of a vast and mighty empire, which continued to grow with his tactics set in stone.
The magnitude of the Mongol empire from the beginning to its greatest heights is an amazing story. Weatherford states “he smashed the feudal system of aristocratic privilege and birth, he built a new unique system based on individual merit, loyalty, and achievement” (xix). All of these newly presented ideas assist Khan in his conquest of unity and progression. In the battle against the Bukhara, he had many of the local people either assist him in his mission or be punished brutally. This old, but newly used concept of divide and conquer worked in Khan’s favor. It not only caused the surrender of the Bukhara, but when word spread it assisted in the surrender of the capital of Samarka (9). He realized the power of psychological warfare and used it to his advantage. In a campaign against Jamuka, the displaying of the Spirit Banner was used to make it difficult for the opposing side viewing these Banners to fight if the kinsmen had used ancestors’ Spirit Banner. This was used as “tantamount” to attacking
The positive aspects of the Mongol conquest were surprisingly vast and extensive. The Mongols helped unify an expansive empire through a network of communication channels- inspired from the posts of their military. This system spread across Asia and Europe, a larger area than any empire thus far had to control. Also, the Mongols were peaceful with these conquests, being open to religious practices of the conquered. This, possibly, was in accordance to their ruler, Chinggis Khan, who often preached about a lenient rule for cultures out of respect as he often respected the practices of those he conquered. To continue, the Mongols helped unify the empire through a writing system and mail system, which they called “Yam”. On the other hand, the Mongols were also very destructive and brutal in regards to their conquests. The Mongols pillaged and destroyed cities, raping the women and killing most of the men. They only kept the highest
Though the Mongols were very crude and unsophisticated people at war or while they were conquering other lands, in their own towns they had their
Something very different about the Mongols is that they were very accepting of other religions. Genghis Khan’s grandson, Mongke Khan said, “We Mongols believe that there is but one God, by Whom we live and by Whom we die and towards Him we have an upright heart. But just as God gave different fingers to the hand so has He given different ways to men” (The Journey of William Rubruck). By accepting other religions into their culture, the Mongols opened up a new population of loyal soldiers ready to fight for their people. This allowed them to have a far greater army than any
Understanding the Mongol’s culture is the key to comprehending their strength in numbers. Their leader was Chinggis Khan, a man who was obsessed with combining empires into one world ruled with his power. In order to do it, he needed a loyal army that would follow his commands into battle. Eventually he found men who believed in him and his mission. The dedication of his soldiers became exactly the right kind of army he needed to conquer other empires. “If we disobey your command during battle, take away our possessions, our children, and wives” (489). He treated his soldiers with respect. Happy soldiers meant a dedicated army to follow command and succeed in battle. He understood the importance of his soldiers and said, “I consider the people my children, and take an interest in talented men as if they
The Mongols were very harsh and brutal like no one else in their era but I believe that they are not barbarians. The Mongols had a strong dominating military that was almost always successful, they contributed to many of the ideas that are still around today, and made a very stern set of laws that kept their community civilized which is why I believe that the Mongols were not barbarians.
The Mongols came about when Genghis Khan united all of the Mongol tribes and clans, creating an army of up to 125,000 whose main goal was to conquer. One of his more effective tactics was enemies were treated fairly unless they resisted. Ones who resisted were killed. Kublai Khan was successful in reuniting the empire prior to a power struggle but was able to conquer all of China by 1276. However, he was not successful in conquering Japan by sea because of harsh storms and shipwrecks. Other countries Mongols had taken over included, Tibet, Persia, Russia, Poland, Hungary, and eastern Germany. People taken over by the Mongols had no choice to cooperate because failure to would result in them being slaughtered. Genghis Khan granted religious
The Mongols were a nomadic group. They did not possess many trades like other civilizations did. History shows that, “They had few material possessions. They knew little about mining
The Mongols were barbaric they way they treat other it wasn’t fair.John of Plano Carpini explains in Carpini on Battle Tactics telling that they will kill the people who were overweight they will used that fat and melt it to make them into a fair ball they believed the fat of fireball was inextinguishable(Document 3).Also John of Plano Carpini say in the military if few people ran way the people in that group will put to death but if one group decide to ran away the rest of the groups will put to death(Document 2). It's not fair that
The Mongols were a group of people who conquered lands and impacted a large part of the world. Although the Mongols were known for their cruel tactics of conquering, they ended up benefiting as much as they killed. The Mongols had a skillful army, but they influenced greater goods as they conquered. The Mongols were a nomadic group, who relied greatly on their animals and their trade for survival. Shortage of their animals and their trade could be significantly detrimental to their survival.
Another sign that proves why the Mongols are not barbaric is how organized their society was and the strict laws and punishments that were in place, but also the tolerance that they showed to others. The Mongols showed tolerance to other religions by sitting leaders of Islam, Buddhists, and Christians all together and asking for them to explain why they believe their religion is the right way: “Here you are Christians, Saracens, and tuins[...] He therefore wishes you all to meet together[..] and each one is to write down what he says so that he can know the truth” (William of Rubruck). This primary source shows how the Mongols just wanted to live in harmony with others; although they wanted to rule over everyone they had no problem letting people continue with their existence. Period One described a barbarian as someone who is uncivilized and violent, and based off of this definition the Mongols are the exact opposite of a barbarian.
In their role of empirical dominance throughout 13th century Eurasia, the Mongol’s were nomadic tribes of herders and raiders north of China, under the leadership of Genghis Khan. Born under the name Temujin, Genghis traits of charisma and reputation as a tactician won over his people’s support. Thus through the act of uniting groups of the steppe (region), he was crowned Khan of Khan in 1206. As quoted from Hugh Kennedy’s book Mongols, Huns and Viking's nomads at war” “the Mongols were triumphant in every major engagement fought up to ‘Ayan Jalut in 1260’ “. A crucial factor unique to this success was the nature of Mongol soldiers in which their life-styles demanded skills such as archery and horseback riding, which was also essential in
In the mid-twelfth century the Mongols were just one of many peoples in the eastern grasslands, neither particularly numerous nor especially advanced . The Mongols were nomadic in nature and there was frequent fighting between tribes. Therefore the Mongols were not so much a formidable foe at the time, but more of a nuisance. Chinggis Khan (known as Tourmajin before his rise to power) would inevitably rise from a tumultuous childhood, to defeat any foe and any opposition to his power. Going against custom, Chinngis would employ competent fighters and instill them in key positions, to his advantage. Typically he would execute enemy tribe leaders, while assimilating the remaining members into his clan. At a
When the Mongols began invading China, Chingis Khan did set out to conquer a certain area in the Chin Empire. He and his men set out on horseback to invade the lands and in doing so they captured Fu-chou, Hsuan-te-fu, and eventually Chu-yang Kuan. However, it is not about the simple fact that Chingis and his men went for these areas, it is how they went about it and their attitudes towards innocent people. Chu-yang Kuan was well defended so Chingis applied his tricky tactics to fool the Chinese. It was these tactics performed by the well trained army that allowed for the Mongols to gain territory fast. Chingis’s army beat the best of the best soldiers within the Cathay army. The Mongols were so heartless that they allowed for the deceased bodies to pile up. They had the mindset of no mercy.