The Optimization Of Process Variables

The separator separates oil from the condensed water. Since total volume of water condensed will be larger than the quantity of the oil, it is necessary to remove the oil continuously (Hunter, 2009). The condensate flows from the condenser into the separator where the water and oil will be separated automatically based on their difference in specific gravities. Florentine flask is one of the commonly used separator (Mohamed, 2005). The two liquids will form two separate layers, where the lighter oil will float on top of the water. The oil will sinks to the bottom whenever its specific gravity is more than 1.0 (Guenther, 1948).

Introduction Most of the materials that we use every day are mixtures. Learning about separating mixtures are important since it allows us to separate unpolluted substances. A mixture can be one of two, either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are usually uniform while heterogeneous mixtures aren’t. An example of a homogeneous mixture would be salt water because when fully dissolved, the appearance is uniform.

The process of making synthetic crude oil requires an enormous amount of water, especially in the separation process. Each barrel of oil requires two tons of oil sands and up to five barrels of hot water. Water is also needed along with electricity to convert it steam. The steam is pushed by steam injections making bitumen less viscous. It is quite evident that oil sands are not practical in terms of its process. Also three-quarters of the bitumen can be recovered from the sands, leaving behind 25% as waste. With the technology in our present society, oil sands are not entirely practical in terms of efficiency; however, in the future, this may change. To reflect, there are many disadvantages associated with oil sands, especially in the way it is processed.

horizontal pipe so the oil can be extracted at one time after all sections have been fractured and

The oil is extracted by simply being forced through a rock, which the droplets can actually do on their own, as they are pushed by large amounts of pressure that exist beneath the surface. This pressure comes from a build-up of rock lying on the oil and from heat from the earth that builds up in a reservoir and expands any gases from the inside of the rock. When an oil well strikes a reservoir, the pressure is released and forces the oil through the rock and up to the surface. The oil may squeeze into any fractures in the reservoir, and if these fractures run in the direction of an oil well, they can act as pipelines in which the oil will flow.

Even though the many different modes of transportation are crucial for survival, what happens behind the scenes is the most important attribute in keeping millions of vehicles and all of the world’s population running smoothly everyday, all day. This priceless and valuable commodity is what is commonly referred to as crude oil, and after several steps of refining, useable petroleum products emerge. (How Stuff Works, 2016)

Of the all the oil fields throughout Canada, 25% are offshore locations in Newfoundland. 8% comes from either BC or Ontario and 67% of all onshore oil fields are in Alberta, which is defined by the term “Oil Country”. From these locations, pipelines are used to transport liquid oil to refineries. It is at these refineries the process of being turned into gasoline, diesel, and petroleum takes place. After this process, petroleum products are sent to distribution centres.

The problem COSTA is dealing with is when they are extracting bitumen (viscous form of oil) they need to use high-temperature steam to melt the bitumen in the reservoir, the steam is then cooled

A gas oil fraction from the distillation of crude oil contains hydrocarbons in the C15 to C19 range. These hydrocarbons can be cracked by strong heating.

Hexane is used to extract material (oil and grease) from an acidified aliquot of water. The hexane is evaporated. The remaining residue is defined as oil and grease. This analysis is for relatively non-volatile hydrocarbons, vegetable oils, animal fats, waxes, soaps, greases, and related materials in surface/saline waters and industrial/domestic aqueous

The yield of light and heavy oil showed a similar tendency with that of 1st step liquid product. While, the yield of char and gas, that increased with pretreatment temperature, was increased (from 2.5 to 7.0 wt%), and decreased (from 34.1 to

uncomplicated area to study oils. In the Canadian and American parts of the Williston Basin occur

A petroleum system is a system that includes a pod of some active source rock with their very nature genetically related to build up and accumulation of oil and gas. Petroleum system includes geological elements, as well as the processes, which are crucial and essential for the existence of oil and gas accumulation. Petroleum is a compound that is made up of high concentrations of biological and thermal hydrocarbon gaseous components that are contained in conventional reservoirs, tight reservoirs, fractured shale, gas hydrates, as well as coal. It also includes high concentrations of condensates, crude oils, and natural bitumen in the reservoirs, and generally in carbonate and siliciclastic rocks. In this view, we may describe a system as an interdependence of elements as well as processes, which form the very functional unit that gives rise to the hydrocarbon accumulations (Mancini, Parcell, Puckett, & Benson, 2003).

My Popo works at a refinery in Three Rivers. He has told me that they use different types of chemical separators and different kind of pollution monitors. The pollution monitors monitor the level of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide they release into the atmosphere. The different types of chemical separators they use help to distribute the oil into three different types: diesel, kerosene, or crude oil.

Use SCBEU units at bitumen and oil sand sites to ‘extract and upgrade’ at the site. The SCBEU unit would replace much of the current oil sand solvent extraction washing process and does not require solvent recovery or disposal (4,5,9,10,11,12,25,28). [This case will be developed in this proposal using the Arroyo Grande Bitumen site near Edna, CA. (26,27,28)]