The Possible Causes of Cleft Lip and Palate

Cleft palate is a birth defect that occurs when the roof of the baby’s mouth does not form properly. The tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not form completely. This can happen both front and back of the palate or only part of the palate is open. (CDC)

Clinically, the oral findings were “high arched palate in all cases, malocclusion in 6 cases and macrostomia in 4 cases while multiple impactions of the teeth were detected in four patients” (Gataa, 2015, p. 7713). Additionally, only one patient had a cleft palate. From a radiographic perspective, all patients had zygomatic hypoplasia and seven patients had maxillary sinus hypoplasia. Many patients also had micrognathia and short ramus of the mandible. As only two patients had family history of TCS, six patients had TCS due to a new mutation. These results exemplify the notion that TCS patients are all affected differently, and with varying types and degrees of deformities, due to the fact that most cases arise from a new mutation.

Most commonly, Emanuel Syndrome is characterized by facial abnormalities, hypo or hyper muscular tension, significant mental delays, and/or, significant developmental delays. General features can include ear anomalies, preauricular tag or sinus, cleft or high-arched palate, micrognathia, microcephaly, kidney abnormalities, heart defects, and genital abnormalities in males (Carter, St. Pierre, Zackai, Emanuel & Boycott, 2009). Facial trademarks of this syndrome include: hooded eyelids, deep-set eyes, upslanting palpebral fissures, low-hanging columella, micrognathia, and facial asymmetry. Ear pits, heart malformations, and cleft palate, are some of the most common features of this syndrome (Carter, et, al. 2009). Additionally, myopia, strabismus, hearing impairment, seizures, failure to thrive, and recurrent infections, particularly otitis media have all been noted with this population.

TCS is defined as an inherited condition in which some bones and tissues in the face aren’t developed fully. This affects not only the face but the head as well by causing downward-slanting eyes, small jaw and chin form as well as altering the development of facial tissues and bones. Some symptoms may also include hearing and vision loss. In some cases, babies that are born with this syndrome also have something called a cleft palate which means they are born with a hole in the roof of the mouth. Children born with this well also have difficult problems with breathing, chewing, speech, and swallowing.

Mutations of the GL13 gene during development is known to cause this disorder. It is known to be involved in the patterning of tissues and organs. It helps by helping to control whether specific genes are turned off or on. This condition can also be inherited.

The video that was observed was a three-year child that was given a modified barium swallow. The child is diagnosed with a microdeletion of the twenty-second chromosome. He also suffers from multiple heart defects, scoliosis, immune deficiencies, and developmental delays. The child's oral preparatory, oral transport, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages of swallowing were observed during the modified barium swallow.

-Pierre Robin Sequence characterized by micrognathia, or retrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis. Also, most common associated syndrome is Stickler syndrome, 2nd most common is velocardiofacial syndrome. These patients

Another 12 patients were randomly selected and method A was used on their first permanent molar in their right lower jaw and method B was used on their left side. Every child was given a blind code.

The topic I chose to write about falls into the multifactorial disorders, cleft lip and palate. This topic is important to me because I have a cousin who was born with cleft lip and palate, and I want to further understand the genetic factors that could have caused the baby to be born with cleft lip. The journal I have chosen to write about is written by Mary-Alice Abbot, the name of it is Cleft Lip and Palate and it was published in Pediatrics in Review, in May 2014.

The vast majority of people seldom reflect on the possibility of birth defects or malformations in their children. Most will rest easy knowing that their child is healthy and developing normally in the womb because of modern medical advances. However, there is always a risk. Despite the probability being small, there are always risks of complications. Cleft lip or palate affects only 1 in 700 births throughout the entirety of the planet. Clefts are congenital and there are environmental factors that contribute to the etiology of this rare malformation, most of which are avoidable or correctable with proper, professional aid. There are many details as to what causes cleft lips and palates that are undetermined. This paper will give insight on what is a cleft, the etiologies of a cleft lip or palate and a detailed description of surgery/ treatment options as well as the role of a speech-language pathologist in the life of a client with a cleft lip or palate.

For example, children with cerebral palsy have a significantly higher chance of developing plaque, malocclusion (abnormal alignment of teeth), and bruxism (teeth grinding) than children who do not have cerebral palsy (Rodrigues 6). The development of plaque most likely occurs because of the involuntary muscle movements the individual has, making it much more difficult to do simple tasks such as flossing, and/or brushing their teeth. Bruxism may also develop in children with cerebral palsy because of involuntary muscle movements, as well.

The most surprising thing about this disorder is the fact that it is the fourth most common genetic defect in the US currently. The ratio is one in about 700 babies will get cleft lip or

A multitude of factors have been presented that contribute to the difficulties involved of eating with CP. CP a craniofacial malformation that occurs when the baby’s lips and palate do not fuse together properly during the embryonic stage of life. Complete separation of the hard palate and lip makes it challenging to create enough pressure to generate sufficient suction during feeding. If the infant is having trouble creating sufficient suction, then it will become difficult to get the necessary nutrition. It is essential for the infant to get an adequate amount of nutrition to ensure a safe surgery.

The cleft lip and palate is when a part of the lip or roof of the mouth doesn’t form correctly. Cleft lip is an upper lip that is not properly formed. It affects the way the teeth grow. The cleft palate is a gap that is in the roof of the palate. The palate affects the speech and feeding of the baby. The tissues that make up the face combine with the tissues that make up the lip, sometime the parent pass genes and cause it which is family history. Another cause is the

Over the years, and thanks to the progress of science, the myths that surround these characteristics caused by genetic malformations have been demystified. Other alterations on the other hand, have been caused as side effects of advances of this same science. It is imperative to have control and to study the influential factors in these malformations, to prevent future deficiencies that could be prevented in