“He had a five-point plan on stalking, everything was planned, and nothing was left to chance. It was all calculated” .
In another case, the victim, Rutgers, committed suicide when two of his roommates posted his sex tapes on the internet. Thus, he was embarrassed by this act that he committed suicide from falling on the top of George Washington Bridge. Before falling from bridge, he posted his status on facebook, eight minutes before his death, commenting “jumping off the GW Bridge sorry” . Many people think that as cyber-stalking does not engage physical interaction and restricted to virtual world, it is less harming and threatening but it is not correct view. The misuse of technology is fastest rising area of concern.
The cyber-stalking
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Gilbert (1999) asserted that:
“In real life, stalkers generally stalk in propinquity to their victims. They want themselves to be noticed by victim and to know that they are there. They survive on the fear of the victim. On the internet, propinquity takes on a new meaning. Obviously, there are important differences between the situation of someone who is regularly within shooting range of her or his stalker and someone who is being stalked from two thousand miles away” .
However, these instances can be scrutinised as disgusting and threatening, nonetheless it can differentiate with conventional stalking as it will remain in virtual world. Though mental and emotional suffering and agony has been recognised in most criminal sanction but it is not regarded as intimidating as physical threat or suffering. Therefore, the connection between domestic violence, femicide and stalking have been established in real life through pragmatic research (Burgess et al. 1997 ; Kurt 1995 ; McFarlane et al. 1999 ) while cyber-stalking vestiges at the level of inducing emotional and mental suffering, fear, and anxiety. However, it cannot be said that virtual and the real worlds are somehow innately or fundamentally detached. Cyber-stalking can be basically an electronic pioneer to real world
Stalking has been a label for a long-term pattern of persistent pursuit and intrusive behavior directed by one person toward another (Logan & Cole, 2007). It is a term that has been around since
Before delving into the main points, the definition of stalking must be outlined. According to Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes, in their study of the National Violence Against Women Survey, “Stalking generally refers to harassing or threatening behavior that an individual engages in repeatedly, such as following a person, appearing at a per son 's home or place of business, making harassing phone calls, leaving written messages or objects, or vandalizing a person 's property. These actions may or
Stalking is a national epidemic. Across the country millions of Americans are stalked each year. They are followed without relief everywhere they go–to work, to school, to the shopping mall, to the doctor’s office, to their home—until they no longer feel safe anywhere.
The following article is both interesting and informative when it comes to the final paper product as it deals specifically with laws against stalking; the following research examines and evaluates the anti-stalking laws in place around the United States along with their effectiveness. Richard A. Lingg compares the other set of the anti-stalking statutes around the country with that of California, one of the first states to enact stalking laws and make it a punishable offense in the 90’s, in doing so he spilt the laws into two groups; one where other states have adopted California’s law with no modifications and the other is roughly based on the original law but has a broader range. The original California law and the states that adopted it
Some of the most common cyber-crimes are cyberstalking, identity theft, spam and phishing among others. Cyber stalking has been classified as one of prevalent cybercrimes with many internet users falling victims of cyber bullying. Cyber stalkers meet their victims in different ways; mostly they normally have a relationship either in the real world or online world. Cyberstalking starts when this relationship ends. However, strangers who have collected information on the internet can also be cyber stalkers. The desire to control and even harm their victims is what motivates cyber stalkers. They may go to the measures of personifying their victims and post messages or controversial posts on the boards and chat rooms. In this real regard, cyberstalking is a real crime (Mansourabadi, 2014).
What are the two rationales for the crime of attempt? Provide an example of each. The two rationales for the crime of attempt are the dangerous act rationale and the dangerous person rationale. The two rationales are considered inchoate crimes or crimes that have not been completed.
As I myself say, the internet is “Stalking made easy.” In her article, “Friend Request or Foe,” Laurie L. Baughman persuades her audience of the dangers and risks pertaining to internet stalking, mainly pertaining to domestic violence. Baughman is a senior attorney at the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence, thus giving her the right to speak about the topic. Facebook itself has over 400 million active viewers, and it considered the most popular online social networking sight for adults and children alike (Baughman 933). Baughman also points out that Facebook users in total upload approximately three billion photos every month and the average user spends about 55 minutes a day on the site (934-935). With such astronomical numbers like these, this introduces a whole new type of stalking based violence that was once again introduced by the internet.
Stalking is a terrifying and potentially lethal crime that seems to be on the rise in recent years. While the act itself can be displayed in a variety of ways with many different motivations, the effects on the victims always result in some sort of fear, anxiety, and paranoia among others, along with crippling the victim financially. The media portrayal of stalking can lead to misconceptions about the crime and minizations of the behavior by the general public can lead to a secondary victimization and cause the crime to go unreported. Although anti-stalking laws exist they vary from state to state and may not always provide the adequate of protection, even a person convicted of stalking will only serve a year or less in prison if no other charges
The first step in studying a phenomenon such as stalking is to con¬duct descriptive and correlational studies that provide information on how and why stalking occurs. Another important area of study is the analysis of antecedents, or early signs of stalking, that might be used to pre¬dict the behavior in specific situations or in certain individuals. In this con¬text, early signs of stalking constitute either of the following: (a) problem behaviors in the social relationships of children or adolescents that could be viewed as early manifestations of obsessional following in a specific instance, or (b) childhood risk factors that suggest someone might stalk another person later in life. One reason for exploring the potential
Directed at a specific person or persons; 2. Which seriously alarms, annoys, intimidates or harasses the person or persons; and 3. Which serves no legitimate purpose” (Holmes, 1993). Stalking tackles numerous structures including telephone calls, mail, online, and face-to-face confrontations. Some of the different types of stalkers include criminal stalkers, erotomanic stalkers, psychopathic personality stalker, celebrity stalker, lust stalkers, hit stalkers, domestic stalkers, and political stalkers. Lets start with erotomanic stalkers. This is an individual that endures deranged convictions that another individual loves him. The celebrity and criminal stalkers are both pretty self-explanatory: one is a criminal and the other stalks celebrities. The lust stalker is enticed by unreasonable feelings of sexual predacity and claims their prey based on optimal characteristics; such as body type, looks, personality, or job related desires. The hit stalker is similar to a hit man; they are hired to kill people. The domestic stalker is someone who lurks after someone from their past; such as an ex. Lastly the political stalker is someone who stalks a stranger that holds a role in office: such as the president, a mayor, or
Stalking is high rising crime and one that causes severe victimization in a variety of ways, along with the different avenues in which people can harass and stalk there are also many ways to help combat it such as the anti-stalking laws. However, due to the unclear nature of the crime they are difficult to enforce along with the re-victimization of many individual due to an assortment of factors shows that this area needs to be stricter and more concise to help victims.
I want to chime on the topic of cyber stalking and harassment. I think the reason for this behavior has been falsely labeled. I’m sure for as far back as we can remember; there has always been a bully or a stalker lurking around the corner. Honestly, people are just mean. The bible has stories about being bullied. For example Exodus chapter 1 shows Pharaoh and his men did the following to Israel: dealing shrewdly with them, keeping them as slaves, afflicting them with heavy burdens, making them build store cities, made their lives bitter with hard service and calling the midwives to kill all newborn boys, although the midwives declined the ordered. In the 1950’s rock and roll was believed to be the reason for bullying. Children Disney movies
The new emerging crime known as cyberstalking or tech enhanced stalking is sweeping the twenty-first century. The term cyberstalking is any form of unwanted communication across the Internet including texting and social media. The fact is that the problem of cyberstalking is rapidly growing in this technology dependent society. The problem with cyberstalking is the lack of international law against cyberstalking making it hard to convict or even charge offenders with these crimes. Additionally is the negative stigma placed on victims and the wide amount of public information on the Internet that is easily accessible to criminals as they stalk and follow their victims. This paper describes how confusing these laws are as well as first hand accounts and statistics detailing how common these crimes are and how many people have fallen victim even without their knowledge. It is believed that by alerting the public of this crime as well as making a uniform law is the key to stopping this crime and growing as a society.
Stalking is getting more of a concern as internet becomes increasing popular. Cyber stalking is the easy form that takes place on the internet and social media like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Stalking is a criminal offense and is not to be taken lightly. Stalking is a way to harass a person in order to gain control of their lives. Social media like Facebook makes information about the person’s life too easy to get their hands on. Some people post on Facebook their every move and their life story but that information is can be leaked and get into the hands of ordinary people that we don’t even know.
Cyberspace is a non-physical environment created by computers interoperating on a network. People can interact in ways that are similar to reality, but does not require physical movement beyond typing. Advanced technology established this parallel world, ‘cyberspace’. This can be convenient for people to chat, shop, share, explore or research online, but it can also be a disadvantage at the same time. The prime examples of the disadvantages are, people are able to create fake, imaginative identities and use it to abuse others and this can lead to serious issues, such as sexual abuse or child grooming; and since, the Internet can be recognised as a parallel world to reality, this discourages people to have face-to-face human interaction. Consequently, cyberspace can be harmful to all people, because there are hardly any restrictions on the Internet. Technology inaugurated this and it is having an inimical influence on the majority of people who have access to the Internet on a daily basis.