Introduction Essay #10 signed by Publius, who is assumed to be James Madison, is the argument for having factions, or interest groups, in politics. Essay # 10 is the tenth Federalist Papers, which aimed at convincing the ratification of the new United States Constitution. The former constitution was the Articles of Confederation, which failed miserably. In the Articles of Confederation, each state retained their own sovereignty and ability to make laws. The states had more power than the national government. There were several problems with the Articles: there was no real executive, there was a very weak national army, and most wealthy Americans didn’t favor the Articles because of the customs tax between the states. The Articles didn’t efficiently decrease the negative effects or control them. Therefore, a new government and a new Constitution were necessary.
Citizens that supported the ratification of the Constitution were called
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He states that there are two options in fixing the problem that are caused by factions: removing its causes or by controlling its effects.
The first would work since taking away liberty would throw out all reasons for factions. “There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests.” However, political life depends on liberty to thrive. Liberty is also the reason for the American Revolutionary War that ended only four years prior to this
In Federalist 10 by James Madison, he addresses key issues like factions and democracy, all while focusing on the usefulness of the Constitution and the necessity of a strong central government, to defend his Federalist ideology. Personally, I agree with the foundation of his arguments, especially on the topic of forms of government, as well as the role of representation in our government.
Second, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. Madison defined faction as any group, majority or minority, within a society that promoted its own self-interest at the expense of the common good. Due to this, there needs to be a check on the government. Sometimes public rights can harm the rights of an individual, and Madison wanted to prevent that from happening. Federalism is another way to control factions. A large republic means more factions will
Not only did the Constitution guarantee the basic rights of all citizens, but also provided the right to become part of a widespread agreement with others. Within America’s government, the idea of factions has always been present, mainly through the two different political parties. Although the Founders of the Constitution did not plainly state these two
When it was time for the ratification of the new Constitution, there were struggles faced by the state conventions of delegates elected by the people of each state and carried out 13 separate campaigns. It divided into two separate groups; Federalists and Antifederalists. The Federalists were those who supported the constitution proposed at the American Constitutional Convention of 1787 and preferred a strong national government. The Antifederalists, on the other hand, were those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government and were opponents of the Constitution proposed at the American Constitutional Convention of 1787.
The United States Constitution was drafted up to help America grow as a country and be a country where everyone wanted to live. It was written as a guidline to follow to ensure its citizens rights and liberties, and their pursuit to happiness. There is a lot of controversy over the US constitution on whether or not some of the things in there are good or bad or what not. I think that the United States Constitution was very well written and it follows a very principalistic guidline and it has its own moral and principals. Just like the unalienable rights that everyone talks about. These rights are meant to stand for its people. They cannot be taken away from the government, they cant be tampered with by the government or anything like
Summary: Some of the issues were the people that denied to agree or support the constitution. Some states did not favor the way the government limited the power for the federal government because they were scared it would overrule state laws and disliked how citizens were able to control as well. Analysis: There were issues because several of states took quite a while to ratify the constitution. The constitution needed at least 9 out of 13 colonies to ratify, however the states did not support the new system. It took 10 months for 9 colonies to ratify. Although, it took almost an year the constitution was
The 55 delegates sitting down in the hot, steamy and sticky room debating about what to add extra rules or change the Articles of Confederation. For about 4 months, the people debated about how the government should take care of the problems, not giving the states more power than needed, talking about compromises and many more. On September 17, 1787, the constitution was sent to Congress for review. Then it was sent to the states for ratification. It took about two years for the Constitution for ratification. There were obstacles to be avoided too. The Federalist had to face Anti-Federalist, people who opposed the ratification of the Constitution. They believed that because they felt as though it gave too much power to the national government.
Although the U. S. S. Constitution was originally built as a defense against pirates during the Barbary War, it is most famous for the three major battles that it won during the War of 1812. The first of these battles, which was fought against the British H. M. S. Guerriere, was where the Constitution earned the nickname “Old Ironsides.” The second battle was against the H. M. S. Java, a merchant ship bound for India. In the third battle, the Constitution contended with both the H. M. S. Cyane and the H. M. S Levant. All of these victories are owed, at least in part, to the ingenious manner in which Old Ironsides was built. The building style of the U. S. S. Constitution gave it significant advantages over the English frigates during the War of 1812 that enabled it to emerge victorious from decisive naval battles against such ships as the H. M. S. Guerriere and H. M. S. Java.
Indeed, we got through the revolution. Our goal was not to make the same mistake as Britain, but to set an example for the rest of the world to follow. However, if we get stuck at this point, we will never achieve what we have been striving for since the beginning. Therefore, I, John Jay, believe it is necessary to ratify the Constitution for our own good. Prior to the talks of Revolution, I was a successful lawyer, and before that, studied at Kings College (Columbia University) (“John Jay”).
While the “The Constitution of 1787 gave enormous protection to slavery. Through the three-fifths clause, the slave states received extra representation for their slaves in Congress. . .The allocation of presidential electors is based on the size of a state's delegation in the House of Representatives. Thus the three-fifths clause gave the slave states extra muscle in the election of presidents based on the number of slaves the state had.” (Finkelman) However, this did not make up for the superior numbers of people that lived in the north. The reason that the North had much larger numbers of people is because the north had a free labor system that allowed more people that could live and work in the north. The slave labor system had a limited
While establishing the United States Constitution, the states believed in a free country that lived under a stable and harmonious government. After the adoption of the Constitution, following presidents would continue to hold onto the policies of the country in hopes to create a stable government for the states by participating in certain foreign affairs and developing certain limitations that eventually contribute to the development of the government. From 1789 to 1797, under the presidency of George Washington, the United States was able to establish both the executive and judicial branches that attribute to the establishment of a semi-stable economy and court system. He also supported the Bill of Rights that guaranteed the basic rights of the Americans and was written partially in favor of the Anti-Federalists. In his farewell address, he states certain policies that the United States should not participate in, such as foreign entanglements, however these statements were later ignored under the presidency of John Adams. From 1797 to 1801, under the presidency of John Adams, he sought to avoid a full-scale war with France by taking part in the XYZ Affair and the Convention of 1800. However, in doing so, it resulted in building coastal defenses and started the construction of the Department of the Navy and created a standing army, which urged for military defense funding. Under his presidency, he also created and ratified the Alien and Sedition Acts, where these acts
Our country should have heeded the advice our forefathers gave. They did, of course, write the Constitution which has perpetuated the United States for 240 years. Even in 1796, the first great president of the United States recognized the dangers of the issue that we are plagued with today. At his Farewell Address, George Washington preached, “The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism.” He had observed the detriments of factions first hand over the conflict of ratification. The Federalists and Antifederalists each fought for their respective opinions over
The Framers of the Constitution strongly opposed “tyranny” of the majority, urging for the protection of minority factions. James Madison wrote, “The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands… may justly be pronounced the very definition of ‘Tyranny’!” James Madison and the Framers fought against the neglect of minoritarian interest, following the principles outlined in James Madison’s Federalist 10. Madison urged for the disassembling of modern parties into factions -- allowing for “free” expression. Federalist 10 stated, “The diversity in the faculties of men..is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity
The American Constitution, is a document that was drafted in July of 1787 to replace The Articles of Confederation. The Constitution created a national government and established major laws to benefit America. Along with these impressive actions, our Founding Fathers made sure this document contained the ability for each individual citizen of America to have basic guaranteed rights. This should stand for all citizens, not only those who are natural-born. The Constitution, leaving out equal opportunity and equal rights to those not born in America, essentially makes the document unfitting for our current government and society. The Constitution has been amended and ratified twenty-seven times. For our country's current situation and diverse population, it is important that a Twenty-Eighth Amendment be put into place to give all citizens, natural born or not, all basic rights.
“Our Constitution is color blind, and neither knows nor tolerates among citizens. In respect of civil rights all are equal before the law”