The Reputation of Psychiatry in the First Half of the Twentieth Century 1.) The citation for this article is: Schmiedebach, H. (2011). The reputation of psychiatry in the first half of the twentieth century. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience,261, 192-6. doi:http://0-dx.doi.org.uafs.iii.com/10.1007/s00406-011-0247-x 2.) This article does not include a biographical information on the author; however, Hienz-Peter Schmiedebach attended the University of Hamburg. Throughout his career, he has published a total of 36 journals. He is known for furthering the work of Remak’s research by reexamining previous research material with Remak life’s work. 3.) There is not a hypothesis for this article; the article covers the years of 1880 to roughly 1943 on psychiatrists trying to become more cost efficient through the means of policlinics, only to end up, a few decades later to start the practices of killing patients because they were viewed as a waste of time and money. However, after realizing that other doctors and citizens did not approve, they quickly changed their methods to a 2-year treatment before deeming a patient treatment resistance which ended in the patient’s death, all for the sake of scientific research. 4.) There are basically two psychological theories that intermingle within this article: the open care for patients and the sadistic murder program that basically boiled down to wanting a cost efficient medical practice. Gustav Kolb
When doing research I found that Benjamin Rush was the father of the American Psychiatry from 1745 to 1813. Rush claimed that “the cause of madness is seated primarily in the blood vessels of the brain” and that mental derangement occurs because the brain is “overcharged” with blood. Also, I researched that Rush had a “Negritude”. In 1797, Rush declared that blacks suffered from a disease called negritude. This he claimed derived from leprosy and caused the skin to be dark and that segregation would therefore prevent infection. He stated that the skin turning white, at which point the person would be considered sane, signified the only cure.
Psychiatry is a type of science that involves mental illnesses and diagnosing the patient's’ mental, and sometimes physical, health. Psychiatrists are doctors that are trained to diagnose mental illnesses, and spot mental, emotional and behavioral symptoms. They work with their patients, listening to their stories, and performing tests in order to find out what, if any, mental illnesses or cognitive disorders. The median annual salary for a psychiatrist is around $200,000.
Thomas Szasz was one of the first psychiatrist to criticise psychiatry and argue about the concept of mental illness. His book “The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct” highlights the fundamental flaws in the administration of psychiatry, with the aim of challenging the medical characteristics of the concept of mental illness and the wrongful treatment of patients without their consent.
Euthanasia got its modern connotation beginning in the late nineteenth century (Dowbiggin 1). The Great Depression caused a major spike in discussion concerning suicide and controlled dying (Dowbiggin 33). Suicide rates rose about four percent at the beginning of the Great Depression, but slowly began to decrease across the entire decade. Several important figures killed themselves, which alerted several people to the need to talk about suicide and methods people killed themselves (Dowbiggin 34). Voluminous topics of euthanasia lead towards a conversation about Hitler, and the way he sterilized and euthanized people, bringing the negative connotation into the discussion (Singer 201). What some fail to see is that in the medical community, the
The introduction of new psychotic drugs can provide better or more thorough care for the mentally ill. Creating options rather than one solution may have been believed to do greater good for the mentally ill community. Furthermore, the economic incentives involved as long term care was and continues to be at such a high cost. Community resources cost little to nothing for the federal Government to support. As well as releasing the mentally ill to their families, in any case those with minor illnesses. Additionally, a shift from treating chronic patients to treating acute ones would generate basic sense into the minds of many. This modification states through actions that
Emil Kraepelin was a German physiatrist who became the founder of modern scientific psychiatry, and Psychopharmacology. He was born in 1856, Neusreletiz in Northern Germany, he graduated and received his M.D. from the University of Wurzburg. Emil began his work in the field of psychopharmacology at Wilhelm Wundt’s laboratory at Leipzig University. Later, Kraepelin became the head of a clinic at the University of Dorpat where he began to study the clinical history of his patients with mental illnesses. It was then that he became interested in studying how the course of illnesses and the patterns of symptoms can help identify psychiatric disorders. Kraepelin began to view mental illness evident on individuals in a “clinical” view rather than through the
During the 1800s, treating individuals with psychological issues was a problematic and disturbing issue. Society didn’t understand mental illness very well, so the mentally ill individuals were sent to asylums primarily to get them off the streets. Patients in asylums were usually subjected to conditions that today we would consider horrific and inhumane due to the lack of knowledge on mental illnesses.
brain, or sending patients to institutions, doctor prescribed pills to try and treat mental conditions. In addition mental health patients were no longer being institutionalized due to the poor conditions in mental institutions (History of Mental Illness”)
In the article “Doctors Who Kill Themselves”, the text is mainly about the untreated depression and suicide alert among the doctors. Base on the text itself, I strongly think that it implies the need for empathies, a little bit of attention among people toward the doctors since playing role as a patient, we will never know how thug and tragic the doctors must face on the darker side, the never revealed side of them. I believe the purpose of the author by writing this article is that he wants the reader to takes this problem seriously, besides all of the fact that doctors are the ones who are always smart and earns thousands of dollars per month, the author expects the reader to take a look at all the statistic numbers about the doctor deaths each year, and think about how depressed each individuals has gone through as being the doctor, who always carry the burden of making sure people are healthy leaving the hospital, and not die. After skimming
In America, one in five adults has a mental health condition, a staggering statistic. Appreciatively, recovery is the goal in the mental health centers of 2017. Nevertheless, in the 1950s, patients were provided with inhumane treatments such as lobotomies. Ken Kesey’s novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, provides an accurate portrayal of a psychiatric ward in the 1950s. The antagonist, Nurse Ratched, hopes her patients will not recover and manipulates them to gain authority. In contrast with the past, Nurses of the present day treat individuals with respect. Conduct towards mentally ill patients has changed since the 1950s in ways such as public attitude, medication, and
When doing research I found that Benjamin Rush was the father of the American Psychiatry from 1745 to 1813. Rush claimed that “the cause of madness is seated primarily in the blood vessels of the brain” and that mental derangement occurs because the brain is “overcharged” with blood. Also, I researched that Rush had a “Negritude”. In 1797, Rush declared that blacks suffered from a disease called negritude. This he claimed derived from leprosy and caused the skin to be dark and that segregation would therefore prevent infection. He stated that the skin turning white, at which point the person would be considered sane, signified the only cure.
Through the course of time, mental illnesses have always been in existence due to varying factors and causes. However, as time has passed, the perceptions and available treatments for mental illnesses have also changed as new technology was developed. By looking at the treatments and perceptions of mental illnesses in the early 20th century, we can learn how to properly treat and diagnose not only mental disorders but also other conditions as well as show us the importance of review boards and controlled clinical trials.
This article is about serial killers in the Health Care profession. The article starts out by comparing health care serial killers to con men. Con men prey on the victim’s vulnerability to get what they want. Con men first gain the trust of their victims. This is the same thing that health care serial killers do. They gain the trust of their patients and the patients family to achieve their killing. “It is important to understand how healthcare serial killers are able to gain the trust and compliance of the victims and their families, as well as the trust of co-workers and/or hospital administrators prior to the killing” (Lubaszka, 2014).
During the Holocaust, doctors had free reign to do whatever they wanted to any prisoner at any of the concentration camps. The majority of the prisoners were to be sent to the gas chambers and killed, so the doctors justified their torturous experiments by saying the patients were fated to die anyways. “Thus, instead of doing their job, instead of bringing assistance and comfort to the sick people who needed them most, instead of helping the mutilated and the handicapped to live, eat, and hope one more day, one more hour, doctors became their executioners” (Spitz 191). When men and women become doctors they take a vow. In this vow they state to keep the sick from harm and injustice and to never give any patient a deadly drug. The doctors of the Holocaust simply must have come to the conclusion that this vow, that they were required to make, no longer applied to them and the prisoners they were “treating”.
“Schizophrenia, a complex and often disabling mental illness, is among the most serious of brain diseases” (Veague 1).To some